Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41207869›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2026

Differentiating Creatine and Phosphocreatine In Vivo Using 3 T

Ralph E Hurd, Meng Gu, Philip M Adamson, Kenichi Okamura, Masafumi Shibata, Yoshikazu Ono, Moussa Haidar, Kirk Riemer, Frank L Hanley, Daniel M Spielman

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. PreclinicalMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ralph E HurdDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7523-685X
Meng GuDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Philip M AdamsonDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5028-0683
Kenichi OkamuraDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Masafumi ShibataDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Yoshikazu OnoDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Moussa HaidarDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Kirk RiemerDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3054-9809
Frank L HanleyDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Daniel M SpielmanDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0838-6967

Funding

Neurometabolic Outcomes of Different Cardiopulmonary Bypass StrategiesR01HL152757 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI HANLEY, FRANK, SPIELMAN, DANIEL M · 2021 to 2024
$2.9M
CLC NIH HHS NIH R01 HL152757NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL152757
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeValidation and improvements to the proton MR spectroscopic measurement of creatine and phosphocreatine in vivo at 3 T.

methodsSpectral simulations were used to evaluate and explore the mitigation of LCModel fitting bias due to lineshape, signal-to-noise (SNR) and non-metabolite backgrounds with a focus on phosphocreatine and the spline regularization settings in the fitting model.

resultsAlthough phosphocreatine and creatine are visually unresolved, excellent fitting estimates are achieved in the absence of non-metabolite background using default settings. However, in the presence of non-metabolite background, bias is observed and depends on lineshape, SNR and differences in the non-metabolite background. A more flexible setting for the LCModel spline largely mitigates this bias, allowing for the confidence to use proton MRS for PCr dynamic studies.

conclusionWithout prior knowledge of the non-metabolite signal, default settings of LCModel can introduce significant bias. Modified setup for LCModel improves quantitation of phosphocreatine and reduces bias in the overall set of metabolites.

Indexed as

CreatinePhosphocreatineProton Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyAlgorithmsComputer SimulationHumansMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMaleReproducibility of ResultsSignal-To-Noise RatioCreatinePhosphocreatinecirculatory arrestcreatinemacromoleculesMR spectroscopynon‐metabolitesphosphocreatinesynthetic MRS

Identifiers

PMID41207869
PMCPMC12850560

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.