ArticlePsychiatry investigation2025
Interleukin-40 and Oxidative Stress in Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
Article in Psychiatry investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveInterleukin (IL)-40 is a recently identified cytokine implicated in inflammatory diseases. Increasing evidence links anxiety disorders to heightened inflammation. This study aimed to investigate IL-40 levels and oxidative stress in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
methodsFourty-four patients with GAD and 44 healthy controls were recruited for this study. All patients were assessed for severity of anxiety symptoms using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A).
resultsThe serum IL-40 levels were observed to be elevated in patients diagnosed with GAD in comparison to healthy controls (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation was observed between IL-40 and HAM-A scores (r=0.329, p=0.029). IL-40 demonstrated predictive value in receiver operating characteristic analysis, with an area under the curve value of 0.871 (p=0.001). The levels of native thiol and total thiol were found to be significantly lower, while the levels of disulfide were significantly higher in comparison to the control group (p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.027, respectively). However, IL-40 levels showed no significant correlation with oxidative stress markers, including native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels.
conclusionThis is the first study to explore the potential relationship between IL-40 and the pathophysiology of GAD. The observed elevation in IL-40 levels may reflect a possible immune regulatory imbalance in GAD. While these findings suggest that IL-40 could be a candidate biomarker for further investigation, their clinical utility for diagnosis or monitoring remains speculative. Additional large-scale and longitudinal studies are required to confirm these preliminary observations and to better understand the immunological aspects of GAD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.