Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41207116›Full record

ArticleInternational dental journal2026

Prevalence and Ecological Role of Streptococcus toyakuensis in Saliva of Healthy Young Individuals.

Nami Obayashi, Tomoaki Shintani, Nagisa Morihara, Miki Kawada-Matsuo, Toshinori Ando, Rie Miyata, Yuka Hayashi, Nanako Kataoka, Kotaro Tanimoto, Hiroyuki Kawaguchi and 2 more

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In one paragraph

Article in International dental journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Nami ObayashiCenter of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan. Electronic address: nami-obys@hiroshima-u.ac.jp.
Tomoaki ShintaniCenter of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
Nagisa MoriharaNatural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Miki Kawada-MatsuoDepartment of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Toshinori AndoCenter of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
Rie MiyataCenter of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
Yuka HayashiCenter of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
Nanako KataokaCenter of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
Kotaro TanimotoDepartment of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Hiroyuki KawaguchiDepartment of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
Hitoshi KomatsuzawaDepartment of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Mikihito KajiyaCenter of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a critical global health concern. In 2022, Streptococcus toyakuensis, a newly identified species with potential multidrug resistance, was isolated from the blood of a patient with sepsis. This study aimed to explore the distribution of S. toyakuensis in the oral microbiome of healthy young individuals and to compare the bacterial community composition between the detection and non-detection groups.

methodsSixty saliva samples were randomly collected from 356 healthy young individuals and analyzed using next-generation 16S rRNA sequencing for comprehensive microbial profiling. A taxonomic distribution analysis was performed to compare microbial diversity between S. toyakuensis detection and non-detection groups. Functional analysis identified differentially activated metabolic pathways.

resultsS. toyakuensis was detected in 35 of 60 participants. Beta diversity analysis revealed a significant difference in microbial composition between the groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size showed higher abundance of Neisseria, Haemophilus, Campylobacter, and Capnocytophaga in the detection group, while Actinomyces predominated in the non-detection group. Functional analysis identified 26 significantly different metabolic pathways, including the glyoxylate cycle and L-methionine biosynthesis superpathway.

conclusionThe high prevalence of S. toyakuensis in the oral microbiome of healthy young individuals highlights the need for further investigation into its role in AMR dissemination. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The colonization of S. toyakuensis may influence the oral microbial ecosystem and metabolic activity, potentially facilitating the spread of AMR. Its detection in healthy individuals suggests a silent reservoir, underscoring the importance of oral microbiome surveillance in public health and infection control strategies.

Indexed as

SalivaStreptococcusAdolescentAdultFemaleHealthy VolunteersHumansMaleMicrobiotaPrevalenceRNA, Ribosomal, 16SYoung AdultRNA, Ribosomal, 16S16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencingAntimicrobial resistanceOral microbiomeStreptococcus mitis subsep. mitisStreptococcus toyakuensis

Identifiers

PMID41207116
PMCPMC12648603

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.