SynthesisThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2026
Coccidioidomycosis in Europe: a systematic literature review of epidemiology, treatment and outcomes.
Synthesis in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Invasive Fungal Disease in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: New Risk Factors and New Therapeutic Options in a Changing World.Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation SocietyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesCoccidioidomycosis (cocci) is a rare fungal disease with clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening severe pulmonary or disseminated infection. It is endemic to parts of the southwestern USA, Mexico and South America. Tourism and migration have led to cocci occurrences across Europe among those arriving from endemic areas. The pan-European epidemiology of cocci has not previously been systematically reviewed.
methodsA systematic literature review was conducted with no limits for publication year, article type and language. We initially identified 797 records, and 61 publications were retrieved in accordance with the inclusion criteria. We identified 55 case reports and six case series, which spanned 20 countries.
resultsOverall, 197 cocci cases were reported in the literature between 1948 and 2022, with the highest number being from Spain (96 cases), Russia/USSR (35) and France (20). Ninety-eight cases were due to migration, 39 infections were travel-related, and 5 were donor derived. Infection sites included pulmonary (39%), CNS (10%) and bone/joint (1%). Infection site was not reported for 36% of the cases. Most patients had a differential diagnosis, resulting in delayed treatment. Fluconazole (27%) or amphotericin B (19%) were most frequently prescribed as first-line antifungal therapy. Mortality and stable disease rates were 7% and 6%, respectively, with higher rates in immunocompromised patients (24% and 14%).
conclusionsClinicians should consider cocci in the differential diagnosis of patients with pneumonia and/or meningitis symptoms who have travelled from endemic regions.
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