Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41206443›Full record

ArticleInternational health2026

Combining non-structural protein 1 and IgM tests for acute dengue diagnosis in Saudi Arabia.

Reem A Bin Suaydan, Waleed S Alsalem, Eitezaz A Zaki, Zenaida S Stead, Ahmed Y Alhejaili, Ahmad A Rajeh, Sarah S Alabbad, Doua Bukhari, Abdullah N Aljurayyan, Alaa Alshuwaier and 4 more

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Article in International health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Reem A Bin SuaydanDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0007-3534-2536
Waleed S AlsalemSaudi Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 11195, Saudi Arabia.
Eitezaz A ZakiMolecular Biology Department, Jeddah Regional Lab, Ministry of Health, Jeddah 23441, Saudi Arabia.
Zenaida S SteadNational Livestock and Fisheries Development Program, Riyadh 11195, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed Y AlhejailiMinistry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmad A RajehSaudi Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 11195, Saudi Arabia.
Sarah S AlabbadSaudi Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 11195, Saudi Arabia.
Doua BukhariSaudi Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 11195, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah N AljurayyanSaudi Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 11195, Saudi Arabia.
Alaa AlshuwaierMinistry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia.
Razan AlsalamahMinistry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia.
Albandari A AlzaidiMinistry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia.
David MolyneuxDepartment of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.
Roua A AlsubkiDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Science, Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-1741-0933

Funding

Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Saudi Arabia
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDengue is endemic in Saudi Arabia, particularly in Jeddah, Makkah and Jizan. Outbreaks in these regions are mainly linked to climate conditions and mass travel during religious pilgrimages.

methodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen test and IgM ELISA, compared with RT-PCR. A total of 2850 samples were collected from patients hospitalised with moderate to severe symptoms across six regions in Saudi Arabia from 2022 to 2024. The samples were tested simultaneously using all three methods and 95% CIs were calculated using the Wilson score method.

resultsOut of 3419 samples analysed, 1402 tested negative for dengue and 1448 tested positive. The sensitivity of the NS1 antigen test was 73.5% (95% CI 70.7 to 76.2%). The IgM ELISA test demonstrated a sensitivity of 65.8% (95% CI 62.9 to 68.7%). Combining the results of both tests increased the sensitivity to 92.4% (95% CI 90.6 to 93.9%). This combined diagnostic approach facilitates the detection of both early-phase (NS1-positive) and later-phase (IgM-positive) infections, offering a more comprehensive diagnostic tool.

conclusionsImplementing a combined testing strategy within Saudi Arabia's diagnostic pipelines could enhance disease surveillance, enable earlier detection and strengthen public health efforts against dengue outbreaks.

Indexed as

DengueImmunoglobulin MViral Nonstructural ProteinsAntibodies, ViralCross-Sectional StudiesDengue VirusEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayHumansRetrospective StudiesSaudi ArabiaSensitivity and SpecificityAntibodies, ViralImmunoglobulin MViral Nonstructural Proteinscombining IgM and NS1dengue feverendemicpublic healthSaudi Arabia

Identifiers

PMID41206443
PMCPMC13329963

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