Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41205046›Full record

ArticleApplied biochemistry and biotechnology2026

Cas9-Leveraged Single-Molecule Characterization of Sparse Plasmid Vectors in Heterogenous DNA Samples.

Carl Möller, Luis Leal-Garza, Emanuele Celauro, Roberto Nitsch, Fredrik Westerlund

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Carl MöllerDepartment of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE, 41296, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9463-6402
Luis Leal-GarzaDepartment of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE, 41296, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-4925-0133
Emanuele CelauroCell and Gene Therapy Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0781-5873
Roberto NitschCell and Gene Therapy Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8766-6267
Fredrik WesterlundDepartment of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE, 41296, Sweden. fredrikw@chalmers.se.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-4868

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The detection and characterization of small circular DNA molecules, such as extrachromosomal circular DNA, non-viral episomal vectors, viruses, and plasmids, are crucial in biological and medical research. This study presents a method for identifying and sizing sparse populations of circular DNA in heterogeneous samples using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. The method leverages the high sequence specificity of Cas9 combined with the fluorescence of YOYO-1-stained DNA to achieve single molecule sensitivity without the need for amplification or background DNA removal. The results show that a linear relationship between DNA size and fluorescence intensity can be achieved with simultaneous co-localization of Cas9 without significantly affecting size estimation. The method was applied to DNA samples from HEK293 cells transduced with recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV) vectors. Characterization of DNA samples from the transduced cells revealed distinct subpopulations of viral vectors, highlighting the potential of the method for sensitive analysis of DNA molecules in complex and mass-limited samples. This approach provides a powerful tool for studying the mechanisms of rAAV vector transduction and maintenance, with broader applications in detecting and characterizing small circular DNA molecules in biological and medical research.

Indexed as

CRISPR-Associated Protein 9DependovirusDNA, CircularGenetic VectorsPlasmidsSingle Molecule ImagingBenzoxazolesExtrachromosomal DNAHEK293 CellsHumansMicroscopy, FluorescenceQuinolinium Compounds1,1'-((4,4,7,7-tetramethyl)-4,7-diazaundecamethylene)bis-4-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro(benzo-1,3-oxazole)-2-methylidene)quinoliniumBenzoxazolesCRISPR-Associated Protein 9DNA, CircularExtrachromosomal DNAQuinolinium CompoundsAdeno associated virus (AAV)Cas9Circular DNAConcatemerizationDNA sizingEpisomal DNAFluorescence microscopySingle moleculeYOYO-1

Identifiers

PMID41205046
PMCPMC12894433

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.