Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41204310›Full record

ArticleTropical medicine and health2025

A checklist for translating and adapting questionnaires (CTAQ) in healthcare research: insights from a Delphi method approach.

Nguyen Tran Minh Duc, Kadek Agus Surya Dila, Duc Hoang Nguyen, Sameh Eltaybani, Amit G Singal, Amna Rehana Siddiqui, Elisabeth Piault-Louis, Evangelos C Fradelos, Farrukh Ansar, Filippo Maselli and 20 more

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Article in Tropical medicine and health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

30 authors.

Nguyen Tran Minh DucMolecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9333-7539
Kadek Agus Surya DilaGiri Emas Hospital, Buleleng, Singaraja City, Bali, 81171, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4360-394X
Duc Hoang NguyenHanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-6829
Sameh EltaybaniGlobal Nursing Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1349-4578
Amit G SingalUT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Amna Rehana SiddiquiJinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-9275
Elisabeth Piault-LouisGenentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Evangelos C FradelosDepartment of Nursing, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0244-9760
Farrukh AnsarAlkhidmat Raazi Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-5245
Filippo MaselliDepartment of Human Neuroscience -Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Hyemin HanEducational Psychology Program, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
Jeffery HillDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-3022
Juntra KarbwangThammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2107-7173
Latika GuptaDepartment of Rheumatology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK.
Martin L VerraDepartment of Physiotherapy, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3933-8020
Mohammad KaramouzianCentre On Drug Policy Evaluation, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Rama Chandran NairUniversity of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
Shaw BronnerADAM Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4239-3899
Tara Ballav AdhikariDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Ulrich S TranDepartment of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6589-3167
Ulrik HavshøjDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Darren HedleyOlga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6256-7104
Delesha M CarpenterDivision of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Asheville, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2025-8140
Filipa Alves da CostaResearch Institute for Medicines (iMED.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5235-3703
Francesca EspositoDepartment of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-5046
K Rivet AmicoDepartment of Health Behavior and Health Equity, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Matthew Df McInnesDepartment of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Nasia SafdarDepartment of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Gladson VaghelaNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK. gladson.vaghela@some.ox.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-1424
Nguyen Tien HuyInstitute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam. nguyentienhuy4@duytan.edu.vn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-9440

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAccurate translation and adaptation of survey questionnaires are essential for ensuring validity and reliability in cross-cultural healthcare research. Despite the global expansion of healthcare studies, standardized guidelines for the translation process are limited.

methodsTo address this gap, we developed the Checklist for Translating and Adapting Questionnaires (CTAQ). A three-round Delphi survey was conducted to refine and validate the CTAQ. An international panel of experts in survey methodology, cross-cultural research, and healthcare participated in the study, providing iterative feedback to achieve consensus on checklist items. The development of the CTAQ involved: (i) drafting an initial checklist based on a comprehensive literature review and expert insights; (ii) rating the importance and relevance of each item using an 80% consensus threshold; and (iii) revising items through successive Delphi rounds until consensus was reached.

resultsThe finalized CTAQ comprises eight stages: defining the target audience and objectives; forming a translation team; forward and backward translation; comparing versions; reconciliation; pretesting and evaluation; final review and proofreading; and post-survey evaluation. This structured approach, informed by expert consensus, integrates best practices and addresses cultural nuances, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of translated survey instruments.

conclusionsThe CTAQ offers a systematic, consensus-based framework that enhances the linguistic and cultural accuracy of translated survey instruments in healthcare research. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Adopting the CTAQ standardizes translation workflows and promotes the production of valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate questionnaires. This contributes to greater rigor and quality in international and cross-cultural healthcare studies.

Indexed as

ChecklistCross-cultural comparisonDelphi technique

Identifiers

PMID41204310
PMCPMC12593896

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.