ArticleBMC cancer2025
Low participation in cancer screening in India: a scoping review of breast and cervical cancer programs.
Article in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A global scoping review of interventions to increase participation in screening programmes for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer between 2016 and 2025.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal cancers in women: The role of sex hormones.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIndia is witnessing a high and rising burden of breast and cervical cancers. More than one-third of cases in India are attributed to these two cancers. Early detection and access to affordable and timely treatment are known to reduce the burden of cancer-related deaths. Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) face significant challenges in implementing organized early-detection programs due to inadequate resources, contributing to high mortality from these cancers. Recognizing this critical public health issue, this study evaluates the published literature and government reports on the implementation of breast and cervical cancer screening programs in India.
methodsLiterature was systematically searched from six databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. In addition, reports on the National Health Mission website were reviewed to capture screening efforts that were not published in the peer-reviewed literature.
results59 peer-reviewed manuscripts were identified, from 57 screening programs. The number of screening programs from Northern and Eastern states is low. Community programs focused on task shifting and engagement of local stakeholders for increasing participation. Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) and Visual inspection of the cervix (VIA) remain the mainstay of screening efforts. The main barriers to screening uptake by women were lower education, lower socioeconomic status, lack of transportation, and suboptimal services. Information on screening programs lacked uniformity in reporting and data collection.
conclusionThese results highlight that screening efforts in India remain disjointed and programs by different agencies need to be aligned through uniform distribution, methodology, and reporting, towards goals set by global initiatives.
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