ArticleInternational journal of emergency medicine2025
Prevalence of anemia and its association with poor outcomes in acute heart failure patients in northeastern Thailand.
Article in International journal of emergency medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAnemia is a common comorbidity among patients with acute heart failure (AHF) and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. However, there is limited data on the effects of anemia in AHF patients in Asian populations. Moreover, the impact of anemia at varying severity levels in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) is still not well understood.
objectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of anemia, together with its association with clinical outcomes in adult patients with AHF.
methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 890 adult AHF patients extracted from 100,420 ED visits at Srinagarind Hospital between October 2021 and March 2023. Anemia was classified into three categories: mild (hemoglobin 11.0 g/dl to normal), moderate (hemoglobin 8.0-10.9 g/dl), and severe (hemoglobin < 8.0 g/dl). Patient characteristics, laboratory markers, and outcomes were compared among groups.
resultsOf the 890 patients, 71% were anemic, with 25% having mild, 51% moderate, and 24% severe anemia. Anemic patients, particularly those with moderate and severe anemia, were older (median age 74 and 71.5 years vs. 64 years for non-anemic, p-value < 0.001) and had higher rates of comorbidities, including chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Severe anemia was associated with worse kidney function (median eGFR 28.9 vs. 62.9 mL/min/1.73 m² for non-anemic, p-value < 0.001) and higher initial cardiac troponin T levels (85.8 vs. 39.1 ng/dL, p-value < 0.001). Hospital admission rates increased with anemia severity, with 93% of severely anemic patients being admitted compared to 81% of non-anemic patients. In-hospital mortality was highest in the severe anemia group (8.6%), though this was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.238).
conclusionAnemia is common in patients with AHF, with many exhibiting moderate or severe levels of anemia. Greater severity of anemia correlates with older age, more comorbidities, and higher hospital admission rates, along with a trend toward higher mortality. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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