ArticleJournal of hematopathology2025
Age, gender, and ethnicity are associated with higher all-cause mortality in hospitalized patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a nationwide analysis.
Article in Journal of hematopathology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
introductionHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life-threatening immunologic reaction to heparin exposure that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Limited research is available on host-dependent risk factors, such as age, gender, and ethnicity. This study aims to characterize any association between age, gender, ethnicity, and mortality in HIT patients to better identify patient populations at increased risk.
methodsThis is a retrospective case control analysis of all-cause mortality in 72,935 patients with a diagnosis of HIT between 2016 and 2020. Adult patients with HIT were selected using the ICD-10 code D75.82 (HIT) for inclusion and evaluated by demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics. Odds ratios were calculated for continuous variables using 95% confidence intervals. Multivariable logistic regression was used to ascertain the odds of binary clinical outcomes relative to patient and hospital characteristics as well as the odds of clinical outcomes over time.
resultsOur analysis indicates that hospitalized patients with HIT are at 5 times higher odds of mortality than those without HIT (OR: 5.42, 95% CI: 5.15-5.71, p < 0.001). Our data also indicates significantly higher odds of HIT-associated mortality based on patient age, gender, and ethnicity. By age, HIT patients at the highest risk of mortality were found to be between ages 46 and 60 (odds ratio (OR): 2.60, 95% CI: 1.58-4.25, p < 0.001). By gender, females with HIT are at significantly lower odds of mortality compared to males (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99, p < 0.001). By ethnicity, Hispanic patients are at the highest risk of mortality (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.31-1.77, p < 0.001), followed by Black patients (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.27-1.66, p < 0.001), and then Asian patients (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.00-1.72, p = 0.05).
conclusionHIT remains a clinical diagnosis based on quantitative criteria such as thrombocytopenia relative to baseline and timing of platelet decline but does not take into consideration other clinical variables that may stratify patients by increased risk. This study elucidates the relationship between host-dependent risk factors such as age, gender, and ethnicity on the risk of all-cause mortality associated with HIT.
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