Trial reportGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2026
Hard exudates in diabetic macular edema after intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy: a post-hoc analysis of the DRCR protocol T trial.
Trial report in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Long term evolutions of hard exudates after anti-VEGF therapy for diabetic macular oedema.Eye (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Hard Exudates in Diabetic Macular Edema: Automated OCT Quantification and Longitudinal Response to Faricimab.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Early Effect of Intravitreal Faricimab on Hard Exudates in Diabetic Macular Oedema.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Dynamics of Hyper-Reflective Foci and Hard Exudates in Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with Faricimab.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo quantitatively analyze change in the extent of hard exudates (HEs) following anti-VEGF therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME) and its relationships with visual outcomes.
methodsThis post-hoc analysis of DRCR Protocol T included 260 eyes of 260 patients. The volume of HEs was measured by automatically quantifying hyper-reflective foci (HRF) on structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) volumes using a supervised convolutional neural network architecture, "DUCK-Net". HEs were quantified within the entire ETDRS grid as well as within the central subfield (CSF), inner ring (IR), and outer ring (OR) at baseline, 4, 12, 24, and 52 weeks (w) after treatment. The extent of HEs at baseline and over time was then correlated with visual acuity (VA) and retinal thickness outcomes.
resultsFollowing initiation of anti-VEGF therapy, HEs significantly increased from baseline (0.0293 ± 0.0455 mm3) to w4 (0.0328 ± 0.0492 mm3) and peaked at w12 (0.0350 ± 0.0513 mm3), but decreased by w52 (0.0165 ± 0.0275mm3) within the entire ETDRS region (P = < 0.001, respectively), as well as within the OR and IR. Multiple regression analysis revealed that baseline HEs within the OR was one of the independent predictors of w52 VA (adjusted R2 = 0.160).
conclusionsFollowing anti-VEGF for DME, HEs initially increase, followed by a subsequent decrease over one year. Greater extent of HEs at baseline is associated with worse visual outcomes at one year.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.