Functional and transcriptional responses of chicken macrophages to hypoxia.

Duanduan Li, Liang Zhao, Lin Zhang, Feng Gao, Tong Xing

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Article in Poultry science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 authors.

Duanduan LiCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.

Liang ZhaoCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.

Lin ZhangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.

Feng GaoCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.

Tong XingCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address: xingtong@njau.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The emergence of wooden breast (WB) myopathy, marked by palpable hardness and excessive fibrosis in the affected pectoralis major muscle of broilers, has greatly affected poultry industry. Hypoxia-triggered dysfunction of macrophages play a crucial role in inflammation-driven tissue fibrosis. Nevertheless, how hypoxia-induced changes in chicken macrophages contribute to WB development remain poorly understood. In this study, we established an in vitro hypoxia model using chicken macrophages HD11 cells and characterized their functional and transcriptional alterations. The results demonstrated that hypoxia enhanced macrophage proliferation while suppressing their migration. RNA-seq analysis revealed 418, 1,462, and 2,670 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h post-hypoxia exposure, respectively. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network indicates that DEG-enriched modules were primarily involved in immune response, cytoskeletal regulation, and metabolism. Key hub genes, including MMP2, MMP9, CCL4, CCL5, and CXCL12, were identified across different time points. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that prolonged hypoxia first induced acute stress in HD11 cells, which then progressively transitioned toward an immune-activation phenotype. This transition was evidenced by enrichment of DEGs in lysosomal, cytokine and immune-regulatory pathways, concomitant with up-regulated glycolysis and down-regulated antioxidant pathways. Furthermore, sustained hypoxia augmented the extracellular matrix (ECM)-remodeling capacity of HD11 cells, as reflected by elevated expression of ECM-associated genes and pathways, accompanied by functional reprogramming of cytoskeletal and membrane proteins. This research elucidates functional and transcriptional changes of chicken macrophages in response to hypoxia, demonstrating that hypoxia enhances the immune response and ECM-remodeling capacity of macrophages, which can provide theoretical insights for targeting interventions to control WB myopathy via macrophage mechanisms.

Indexed as

ChickensHypoxiaMacrophagesPoultry DiseasesAnimalsCell LineECM remodelingHypoxiaInflammatory responseMacrophagesWooden breast

Identifiers

PMID41202588

DOI10.1016/j.psj.2025.106029

PMCPMC12747202

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.