Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41202393›Full record

ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology2026

Associations between mental health indicators and genital immune biomarkers among recent survivors of forced sex: A case-control analysis.

Katherine M Anderson, Jamila K Stockman, Eleanor Capozzi, Stephanie A Meyers-Pantele, Maile Y Karris, Fernando Cabezas Mejia, Ella Meyer, Melodie A Nasr, Mimi Ghosh

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Katherine M AndersonDepartment of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Jamila K StockmanDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States. Electronic address: jstockman@ucsd.edu.
Eleanor CapozziDepartment of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
Stephanie A Meyers-PanteleDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Maile Y KarrisDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Fernando Cabezas MejiaDepartment of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
Ella MeyerDepartment of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
Melodie A NasrDepartment of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
Mimi GhoshDepartment of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.

Funding

VirologyP30AI036214 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Sara Gianella Weibel · 1994 to 2026
$78.4M
SWG 2: Cure Research Scientific Working GroupP30AI117970 · NIAID · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI SERGEI NEKHAI · 2015 to 2026
$29.6M
Sexual trauma and HIV susceptibility among women: the role of stress and genital immunityR01AI128803 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI GHOSH, MIMI, STOCKMAN, JAMILA KINSHASA · 2017 to 2020
$2.4M
LOTUS: An mHealth Intervention to Improve HIV Prevention Service Engagement and Intersectional Stigma among Racially Diverse Women Who Use DrugsK01DA055983 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Stephanie Alice Meyers-Pantele · 2022 to 2026
$941k
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI036214NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI117970NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI128803NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA055983
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sexual violence against women remains pervasive and is associated with HIV risk through sexual violence-related immune dysregulation. We sought to test the associations between mental health indicators and genital immune biomarkers among female survivors of recent sexual violence. Data were drawn from a case-control study of women in San Diego, California who had experienced recent forced or consensual vaginal penetration. Successive adjusted linear regressions models with interaction terms were employed to test moderation of the associations between mental health indicators (perceived stress, depression, PTSD symptoms, and resilience) and inflammatory (interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], macrophage inflammatory protein-3α [MIP3α]), anti-inflammatory/anti-HIV (secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), elafin, and human β-defensin 2 [HBD2]) biomarkers, and percent HIV inhibition, by case/control status. Subsequently, stratified or non-stratified regressions were reported. Overall, participants (n = 64) identified as Hispanic (42.1 %), White (34.4 %), and Black (25.0 %), with a median age of 22 (IQR:18-26). Case participants had higher perceived stress, depression, PTSD symptoms, TNF-α, and SLPI. Analyses indicate differential relationships between cases and controls relating to IL1-α, IL-6, and IL-8, overall suggesting dysregulation of the immune response in cases compared to controls. Results point to a mechanism by which HIV/STI risk can increase in recent sexual violence survivors experiencing PTSD symptoms. Responsively, we suggest biological and behavioral intervention to limit lasting impacts of related trauma.

Indexed as

RapeSex OffensesAdolescentAdultBiomarkersCaliforniaCase-Control StudiesCytokinesDepressionFemaleGenitalia, FemaleHIV InfectionsHumansMental HealthStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticStress, PsychologicalBiomarkersCytokinesCisgender womenHIV preventionHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axisMucosal immunitySexual violence

Identifiers

PMID41202393
PMCPMC13446463

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.