Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41202216›Full record

ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025

Awareness, uptake, and barriers to vaccination against respiratory tract infections in patients with diabetes mellitus: A multi-center study in Saudi Arabia.

Abdulelah M Aldhahir, Mohammed M Alyami, Ahmed H Alasimi, Amirah M Alqahtani, Roaa E Mousa, Shahad A Alqahtani, Lubna M Alhalbub, Ozuf A Mohammed, Saleh M Alosaimi, Ali S AlQahtani and 6 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Abdulelah M AldhahirRespiratory Therapy Program, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-4270-9494
Mohammed M AlyamiRespiratory Therapy Department, Batterjee Medical College, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed H AlasimiNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Amirah M AlqahtaniRespiratory Therapy Department, Batterjee Medical College, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia.
Roaa E MousaRespiratory Therapy Department, Batterjee Medical College, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia.
Shahad A AlqahtaniRespiratory Therapy Department, Batterjee Medical College, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia.
Lubna M AlhalbubRespiratory Therapy Department, Batterjee Medical College, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia.
Ozuf A MohammedRespiratory Therapy Department, Batterjee Medical College, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia.
Saleh M AlosaimiRespiratory Therapy Department, Batterjee Medical College, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia.
Ali S AlQahtaniDepartment of Respiratory Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Abdullah A AlqarniDepartment of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Jaber S AlqahtaniDepartment of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Hussin AlbargiEmergency Medical Services Program, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Maryam M AlmulhemDepartment of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Rayan A SirajDepartment of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Hassan AlwafiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) predisposes individuals to respiratory tract infections (RTIs), making vaccination an essential preventive measure; however, evidence regarding vaccination awareness, uptake, and barriers among DM patients in Saudi Arabia is limited. This study aimed to assess the awareness, uptake, and barriers related to influenza, pneumococcal, and COVID-19 vaccinations among adults with DM in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between December 2023 and March 2025 among 1,556 adults with type 1 and type 2 DM attending endocrinology clinics across three sites. A structured questionnaire evaluated awareness, uptake, and barriers, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Uptake rates were 60.8% for influenza, 88.7% for COVID-19, and 27.1% for pneumococcal vaccines, with pneumococcal vaccination lower in type 1 than type 2 DM (23.2% vs. 28.5%;

Indexed as

COVID-19Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticePatient Acceptance of Health CareRespiratory Tract InfectionsVaccinationAdultAgedCOVID-19 VaccinesCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesMaleCOVID-19 VaccinesInfluenza VaccinesPneumococcal VaccinesDiabetes mellitusimmunizationrespiratory tract infectionsSaudi Arabiavaccination

Identifiers

PMID41202216
PMCPMC12599346

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.