ArticleScience advances2025
Dynamically autofocused 3D pulsed laser micromachining enables advanced 3D bioelectronics.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Wearable Electronics for Precision Diagnosis Through Advanced Manufacturing and Integration.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- Neural Network Enabled Real-Time Plasma Imaging for Inverse Designed Fabrication of Micro/Nano Structures with Ultrafast Laser.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Machine Learning-Guided Near-Infrared Laser Processing for Precise Geometry Control in Microneedles with Downstream microLED-Triggered Photothermal Functionality.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- An infrared-transparent flexible glass for adaptive optics.Light, science & applications · 2026Article
- Hydrogel-Based Micro/Nanorobots for Advanced Biomedical Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Laser Micromachining for Bioelectronics: Past, Present, and Future.Small methods · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Advancing next-generation bioelectronic interfaces requires devices that are soft, miniaturized, and seamlessly integrated with biological tissues. However, conventional fabrication methods, primarily based on UV photolithography, struggle to meet these needs, relying on hazardous chemicals, labor-intensive processes, and planar, layer-by-layer construction. To overcome these limits, we introduce dynamically autofocused 3D pulsed laser micromachining (d-3DPLM) using a nanosecond pulsed near-infrared laser. This approach enables rapid, cost-effective structuring of diverse materials, including thin films, metal foils, and bulk metal blocks, supporting monolithic, multilayer bioelectronics with complex 3D architectures such as microneedles and deployable elements. d-3DPLM achieves high-resolution ablation and patterning for conformable and functional device geometries. Demonstrated applications include electro-haptic patches, in vitro multielectrode diagnostic arrays, and wireless contact lenses for red light therapy. By broadening the design and manufacturing landscape for bioelectronic systems, this versatile method paves the way for improved performance, unique functionality, and enhanced integration with living tissue.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.