Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41201720›Full record

ArticleCarbon balance and management2025

Land-based carbon neutrality efficiency in the European Union.

Ming-Chung Chang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Carbon balance and management, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Fly Ash Utilisation for COMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Ming-Chung ChangInstitute of Business Intelligence and Innovation, Chihlee University of Technology, New Taipei, 220305, Taiwan. changmc@mail.chihlee.edu.tw.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9249-0489

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe European Union (EU) has promised to achieve net-zero emissions via carbon neutrality by 2050. The aim of this research is to evaluate carbon neutrality efficiencies on forest and agricultural lands in the EU.

resultsThe study finds that carbon neutrality efficiency can be computed by a multiplication of carbon emissions efficiency, carbon sink efficiency, and the target of carbon neutrality. We further divide the EU countries into a green group with continuous carbon emission reduction, a gray group with a continuous carbon emission increase, and a mixed group without a continuous carbon emission reduction or increase.

conclusionsThe findings are as follows. (i) Carbon neutrality management is less of a focus than carbon emission management. (ii) There is a trade-off relationship between forest carbon neutrality efficiency and agricultural land efficiency. (iii) Countries in the green group exhibit great heterogeneity in their GDP than those in the gray and mixed groups. (iv) The green group countries exhibit heterogeneous economic structures, and their carbon neutrality performance reflects the overall pattern observed in the EU.

Indexed as

Agricultural landCarbon neutralityEUForest

Identifiers

PMID41201720
PMCPMC12595912

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.