ArticleTAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik2025
BS-D275: A novel locus on the chromosome arm 2DS governing branched spike development in wheat.
Article in TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
key messageBS-D275, a new locus on chromosome arm 2DS, is genetically independent of WFZP-2D and controls branched spike architecture in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Branched spikes enhance wheat yield potential by increasing grain number. We identified the locus BS-D275 for spike branching in the winter wheat line Dong 275 and mapped it to chromosome arm 2DS using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross of Dong 275 (branched spikes) × Zhongmai 175 (standard spikes). Across multiple field trials, spike branching and awn length segregated as polygenic, unlinked traits. Bulk segregant RNA-seq (BSR-Seq) of leaf and inflorescence samples, integrated with molecular markers, delimited BS-D275 to a 1.52-cM interval spanning 829 kb (84.03-84.86 Mb) in the Chinese Spring telomere-to-telomere reference genome. Diagnostic markers and sequence comparison positioned BS-D275 11 Mb distal to the spike-branching locus WFZP-2D (73.09 Mb), confirming their independence. The interval contains 10 inflorescence-specific candidate genes. CSIAAS2DG0371200/TraesCS2D02G133500, encoding a GTPase-activating protein, carries a Dong 275-specific 4-bp frameshift and is highly expressed in spikes, making it the most likely candidate for BS-D275. Parallel BSR-Seq of awned versus tip-awned bulks mapped the awn suppressor to the B1 locus (CSIAAS5AG1310200/TraesCS5A02G542800) on chromosome arm 5AL, demonstrating that awn development and spike branching are under separate genetic control. WFZP-2D represses awn development while BS-D275 does not, which provides evidence that BS-D275 is most likely a novel regulator of spike branching. Diagnostic markers for BS-D275 will accelerate marker-assisted selection for high-yielding, branched-spike wheat.
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