ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2026
Different kinematic strategies are adopted by AIS patients during walking depending on their Lenke type.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionAdolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is classically evaluated through static X-rays and health-related quality of life questionnaires that do not reflect the functional limitations of patients during daily life activities, such as walking. The aim was to investigate kinematic strategies in non-operated AIS with different types of curvature during walking using 3D gait analysis.
methods13 AIS with Lenke 5 (major Cobb: 23 ± 8°), 30 AIS with Lenke 1 (major Cobb: 40 ± 14°) in addition to 24 controls underwent biplanar X-rays followed by 3D gait analysis. The kinematic parameters of the head, trunk, spinal segments, pelvis and lower limbs were compared between groups.
resultsAIS Lenke 5 had a lumbar segment bending while walking (T12L3-L3L5: 5 ± 7° vs. -3 ± 7° in controls) to the concave side of the scoliosis. They walked with an increased pelvic frontal mobility (12 ± 3° vs. 9 ± 3°) and internal rotation of the right foot (-2 ± 6° vs. -11 ± 8°; all p < 0.05). AIS Lenke 1 increased their thoracic & lumbar segment bending to the concave and to the opposite side respectively (T6T9-T9T12: -4 ± 9° vs. 1 ± 4°; T12L3-L3L5: 8 ± 12° vs. -2 ± 7°). However, they tended to reduce their lumbo-pelvic mobility (7 ± 5° vs. 12 ± 5°; all p < 0.05).
conclusionIn response to their inherent lumbar stiffness and bending, AIS Lenke 5 patients tended to increase their pelvic frontal mobility and to develop a homolateral internal foot rotation, ensuring a dynamic alignment during gait. AIS Lenke 1, by producing opposite bending movement at the thoracic and lumbar segments, tended to reduce their lumbo-pelvic mobility and ensure coronal dynamic alignment.
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