SynthesisFrontiers in sports and active living2025
The science of adapted throws: a systematic search and narrative evidence synthesis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Combining Multisensory Cueing and Velocity-Based Training to Enhance Shot Put Performance in an F12 Para-Athlete: A Case Report.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparison of traditional and ecological dynamical training approaches in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu: effects on Force Development, reactivity, and distress perception.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Introduction: Paralympic throwing events have grown rapidly, yet the scientific evidence guiding technique, training and classification remains fragmented across biomechanics, physiology and psychosocial domains. Objective: To provide an evidence-based overview of adapted throws by comprehensively examining the peer-reviewed literature. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (inception-Feb 2025) using the terms Paralympic OR adapted OR disability AND throw AND (shot OR discus OR javelin OR club). Inclusion criteria comprised: (i) Athletes with physical impairments who participate in Para Athletics throwing events, (ii) Non-disabled individuals studied in research explicitly designed to inform or understand Para Athletics throwing techniques. Data were synthesized narratively and clustered by study theme. Results: Nineteen studies ( Conclusion: While class-specific technical models are emerging, particularly for seated throwers, 38% of throwing classifications lack published research. Future studies should prioritize underrepresented classes and develop standardized assessment protocols.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.