ArticleOpen veterinary journal2025
Impact of formalin gas exposure on quail testicular health in quail (
Article in Open veterinary journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Formalin is a widely used chemical with toxic effects on various organs. Its exposure may harm reproductive organs, especially in quails, which are sensitive models for toxicological research. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 5% formalin gas exposure on quail testicular health, blood parameters, hormone levels, and tumor protein Methods: Twenty male Japanese quails were randomly divided into four groups. The control group received no exposure. The remaining three groups were exposed to 5% formalin gas twice daily for 2 hours over 10, 20, and 30 days. Blood and testicular samples were collected at each time point. Testosterone levels, complete blood count, histopathology, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for Results: Exposed quails exhibited anxiety, weight loss, and respiratory distress. Body weight decreased progressively from 200 ± 0.66 g (control) to 130 ± 0.43 g (30-day group). The testicular weight increased from 2.12 ± 0.25 g (control) to 4.45 ± 0.34 g (30-day group), with significant enlargement ( Conclusion: Formalin gas exposure harms quail testes by reducing hormones, altering blood counts, damaging tissues, and increasing
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