ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Global, regional, and national trends and burden of multiple sclerosis in adolescents and young adults: a data analysis from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2040.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Therapeutic Outcomes of Fingolimod and Interferon Beta-1a in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Real-World Study from Jordan.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Association between fatigue and functional status among patients with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Global and Regional Trends in Multiple Sclerosis Incidence with Projections to 2030: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis of the GBD Data 2021 by Socio-Demographic Index and WHO Regions.Annals of global health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) significantly impacts adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years), causing substantial neurological disability. Despite therapeutic advances, the global burden persists due to disparities in healthcare access and lifestyle factors. This study analyzes global, regional, and national trends and burdens of MS using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, emphasizing the influence of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Methods: Using data from the GBD 2021 data, we conducted a secondary analysis. We assessed the prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of MS across 204 countries/territories from 1990 to 2021, calculating age-standardized rates. Results: In 2021, global MS prevalence was 489,310 cases, associated with 1,424 deaths and 215,869 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The global age-standardized rates per 100,000 were: prevalence 22.2 (19.8 - 24.8), deaths 0.2 (0.2 - 0.2), and DALYs 11.4 (9.8 - 13.2). Compared to 1990, these rates decreased by 0.4%, 12.8%, and 11.0% respectively, while the number of prevalent cases increased by 52.4%. Sweden (161.6), Canada (134.2), and Norway (131.5) had the highest age-standardized prevalence. The UK (71.3) had the highest and Nauru (0.4) the lowest age-standardized DALY rate. Female MS death rates exceeded those of males across all ages, peaking at 20-24 years. Regionally, age-standardized DALY rates showed an inverse V-shaped relationship with the SDI. Discussion: Although the global MS burden among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) decreased, the substantial and rising prevalence demands attention. The burden from premature mortality and stark geographic variations in prevalence and DALYs indicate inadequate disease management, underscoring the need for enhanced awareness and effective interventions. Urgent, targeted healthcare policies are required to address geographical inequities, sex-specific pathophysiology, and modifiable risk factors such as smoking.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.