ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Exploring ceRNA mechanisms in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced myocarditis: implications for future vaccine design.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The regulatory mechanisms and translational applications of non-coding RNA in SARS-CoV-2 infection-related cardiovascular pathology.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: The emergence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) necessitated the rapid development of effective vaccines, with mRNA vaccines demonstrating high efficacy and accelerated production timelines. However, reports of myocarditis following mRNA vaccination have raised safety concerns, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods: Human AC16 cardiomyocytes were transfected with Results: IVT mRNA elicited a robust inflammatory response in cardiomyocytes, markedly upregulating the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 (~2-fold). Under inflammatory conditions, IVT mRNA further exacerbated IL-6 secretion (~2-fold) and increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis (~1.3-fold). Additionally, IVT mRNA significantly elevated the levels of CK-MB (~1.5-fold) and c-TnI (~2-fold). Mechanistically, IVT mRNA functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for hsa-let-7f-5p, alleviating its suppression of IL-6 mRNA, and enhancing inflammatory responses in AC16 cardiomyocytes. Discussion: This study elucidated a molecular mechanism linking COVID-19 mRNA vaccines to myocarditis and highlighted the ceRNA-mediated crosstalk between IVT mRNA and IL-6. These findings underscore the importance of avoiding critical microRNA binding sites in the design of next-generation mRNA vaccine sequences to improve safety.
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