Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41200015›Full record

ReviewThe Lancet regional health. Europe2025

Changing clinical perspectives on sex and healthcare disparities in ischaemic heart disease.

Angela Maas, Edina Cenko, Viola Vaccarino, Irene Göttgens, Maria Bergami, Olivia Manfrini, Lina Badimon, Guiomar Mendieta, Sabine Oertelt-Prigione, Zorana Vasiljevic-Pokracic and 5 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Equity and cardiovascular disease: time to take it seriously.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025
    Article
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  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Angela MaasDepartment of Women's Cardiac Health, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Edina CenkoDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Viola VaccarinoDepartment of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
Irene GöttgensDepartment of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Maria BergamiDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Olivia ManfriniDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Lina BadimonUniversity of VIC-UCC, School of Medicine, Barcelona and Cardiovascular Research Foundation for Health Prevention and Innovation, Barcelona, Spain.
Guiomar MendietaDepartment of Cardiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
Sabine Oertelt-PrigioneDepartment of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Zorana Vasiljevic-PokracicMedical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Maria DorobantuRomanian Academy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
Marija VavlukisUniversity Clinic for Cardiology, 1000, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia.
Bela MerkelySemmelweis University Heart and Vascular Center, Budapest, Hungary.
Martha GulatiBarbra Streisand Women's Heart Center Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA, USA.
Raffaele BugiardiniDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) has historically been under-researched in women, leading to significant gaps in understanding sex-specific risk factors and outcomes. To address this issue, The Lancet Regional Health-Europe convened experts from a broad range of countries to evaluate sex-related cardiovascular inequalities and propose recommendations to address these disparities. Despite developing IHD a decade later than men, women experience higher mortality rates. Global Burden of Disease data highlight persistent sex differences in IHD mortality, with women showing higher mortality despite lower prevalence. Factors such as psychosocial stress, reproductive health, and physical inactivity disproportionately impact women's cardiovascular health, while caregiving responsibilities and delayed healthcare access further exacerbate these disparities. There is an urgent need to recognize chest pain symptoms in women and to reduce the time lag between symptom onset and hospital presentation. Addressing these gaps requires targeted public health interventions, expanded research, and improved clinical practices, emphasizing equitable healthcare access and greater inclusion of women in clinical trials. Tailoring treatment guidelines to account for sex differences in outcomes could significantly improve survival rates for women with IHD.

Indexed as

Acute coronary syndromeGender disparitiesIschaemic heart diseaseRisk factorsSex disparities

Identifiers

PMID41200015
PMCPMC12587326

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.