ArticleLaryngoscope investigative otolaryngology2025
Gaussian Mixture Modeling of MRI-Derived Torus Tubarius and Inferior Turbinate Mucosal Morphometrics: Implications for Nasal Cycling and Eustachian Tube Interventions.
Article in Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Gaussian Mixture Modeling of MRI-Derived Torus Tubarius and Inferior Turbinate Mucosal Morphometrics: Implications for Nasal Cycling and Eustachian Tube Interventions.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: Thickness of torus tubarius (TT) surface mucosa overhanging the Eustachian tube (ET) ostium, and mucosa covering the posterior aspects of bilateral inferior turbinates (ITs) are potentially pertinent to ET balloon tuboplasty. Whether TT and IT mucosal thickness is fixed or varies cyclically is potentially important in therapeutic planning but remains unknown. We establish normative MRI morphometrics for mucosa of TTs, posterior ITs (post-ITs), and anterior ITs (ant-ITs) in healthy subjects, and test the hypothesis that post-IT and TT mucosal thickness may vary during the nasal cycle akin to known changes in ant-ITs. Methods: We retrospectively selected 60 subjects with normal nasopharynx MRIs, and measured maximal contrast-enhancing mucosal thickness for bilateral TTs, post-ITs, and ant-ITs. We conceived a novel indirect test for nasal cycle variations by computing likelihood ratio (LR) statistics comparing unimodal versus bimodal Gaussian distributions of left-right mucosal thickness differences, with significance assessed using bootstrapped Results: Mean maximal mucosal thicknesses for TTs, post-ITs, and ant-ITs were 3.1 ± 0.8, 7.6 ± 1.9, and 4.5 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. LR testing revealed significant cyclical variations in ant-ITs (LR = 4.599; Conclusion: TT and post-IT mucosa unlikely exhibit nasal cycle variations. Single MRI views of TTs and post-ITs would suffice for assessment during pre-interventional planning of ET procedures. Level of Evidence: 4.
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