ArticleSystematic reviews2025
Costs of medical treatment of advanced heart failure: a scoping review.
Article in Systematic reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAn estimated 10-15% of patients with heart failure (HF) progress to an advanced disease stage. The majority of patients with advanced HF, who are ineligible and/or have no access to expensive, specific therapies such as heart transplant and left ventricular assist devices, are medically managed. The cost of medical treatment for advanced HF is largely unknown. The objective of this scoping review is to summarize the evidence on costs of advanced HF patients who are not treated with advanced therapies, to understand the main settings of this health expenditure, and to map the main cost drivers in this disease stage.
methodsThe PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and BVS were used as data sources for literature searches evaluating direct costs of patients with advanced HF who were not treated with advanced therapies. Cost methodological categorization, such as micro or macrocosting, payment perspectives, and cost information reported, including the total cost per patient and the main cost drivers, were extracted. Cost methodology heterogeneity was also observed. Despite this, in most studies, cost information was derived from observational cohorts or clinical trials and used either macrocosting or microcosting methods from a public payer perspective.
resultsA total of 8157 records were identified, and 16 were included in the review. Criteria for advanced HF varied among studies. Hospitalizations emerged as the main cost driver in the majority of reports. The mean total annual cost per patient was 48,309 international dollars (SD 34,874). Studies from the USA reported higher costs than in other countries.
conclusionsThis review showed that cost methodology to address care of patients with advanced HF is heterogeneous across countries. Despite this heterogeneity, overall, the expenditure could be considered significant, mainly driven by hospitalizations. Further studies with comprehensive cost methodologies are needed to address health expenditure in the advanced HF population. OSF IDENTIFIER: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/54GQN .
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.