Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41199326›Full record

ArticleArchives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique2025

Immunization data management practices and data quality in Ethiopia.

Dawit Wolde Daka, Tomas Yeheyis, Getasew Amare, Yibeltal Kiflie, Admas Abera, Keneni Gutema, Girma Taye, Berhanu Fikadie, Zewudie Birhanu, Merga Dheressa and 19 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors.

Dawit Wolde DakaDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Public Health Faculty, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. dawit.daka86520@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5465-6345
Tomas YeheyisSchool of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Getasew AmareDepartment of Health System and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Yibeltal KiflieDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Public Health Faculty, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Admas AberaSchool of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Keneni GutemaSchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Girma TayeSchool of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Berhanu FikadieDepartment of Health System and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Zewudie BirhanuDepartment of Health, Behavior and Society, Public Health Faculty, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Merga DheressaSchool of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Chaltu Fikru BiyanaDepartment of Epidemiology, Public Health Faculty, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Kassahun AlemuDepartment of Health System and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Netsanet AberaSchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Muluemebet Abera WordofaDepartment of Population and Family Health, Public Health Faculty, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Yohannes AyanawDepartment of Health System and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Asaye BerhanuDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Public Health Faculty, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Alemu TamisoSchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Awgichew KifleSchool of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Biniyam TilahunDepartment of Health System and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Yakob WondiradStrategic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Tamrat AwelStrategic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Megdelawit MengeshaStrategic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mesoud MohammedStrategic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Naod WondiradStrategic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Yohannis LakewMaternal and Child Health, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Meseret ZelalemMaternal and Child Health, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Melkamu AyalewMaternal and Child Health, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Sileshi SolomonMaternal and Child Health, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Behailu HawulteSchool of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHigh-quality immunization data is critical for making evidence-based decisions, ensuring effective program implementation, and achieving intended outcomes. Conversely, low-quality data hinders program monitoring and evaluation activities. Despite efforts to improve data quality in the health sector, the status of immunization data quality in Ethiopia is not well-known. This national study examined immunization data quality status and its challenges in Ethiopia.

methodsA mixed-method study was conducted on health facilities and all levels of administrative units, including the Ministry of Health, 12 regional health bureaus, 51 zonal health departments, 233 district health offices, 395 health facilities, and 267 health posts from April 15 to July 30, 2023. In-depth interviews were conducted with 74 purposefully selected key informants across these levels. The quality of immunization data was assessed based on accuracy, timeliness, and completeness. Open Data Kit (ODK) was used to collect quantitative data, and STATA statistical software was used for analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach with ATLAS.ti.

resultsOut of 4062 immunization data elements expected to be reported in the months under review, only 2413 (59.4%) were available. One-third of health facilities had acceptable reporting accuracy, while 27% had inaccurate reports. 41% of health facilities had inadequate documentation for verifications. Complete documentation and accuracy of reporting were better in hospitals than in health centers and health posts, but lower in pastoralist settings and some regions. Report timeliness ranged from 94% in the Oromia region to 37% in Gambella. The main reasons for low immunization data quality were inadequate skilled data management personnel, lack of standard data management and data quality assessment tools, and irregular data quality assessments at health facilities.

conclusionsThe study identified a significant immunization data quality problem in Ethiopia's health institutions, with data accuracy, timeliness and completeness rates falling far below the standard. To improve immunization data quality and informed decision-making, it is crucial to strengthen data quality improvement strategies starting from the point of data collection.

Indexed as

EthiopiaHealth facilitiesImmunization data qualityMonitoring and evaluation

Identifiers

PMID41199326
PMCPMC12590878

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.