Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41199310›Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2025

Rising metastatic prostate cancer rates but narrowing racial gap.

Hanna Zurl, Zhiyu Qian, Klara K Pohl, Andrea Piccolini, Stephan M Korn, Muhieddine Labban, Stuart R Lipsitz, Mansoo Cho, Sean A Fletcher, Marianne Leitsmann and 3 more

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Article in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Hanna ZurlDepartment of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Zhiyu QianDepartment of Urology, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Klara K PohlDepartment of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Andrea PiccoliniDepartment of Urology, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Stephan M KornDepartment of Urology, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Muhieddine LabbanDepartment of Urology, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Stuart R LipsitzCenter for Surgery and Public Health, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Mansoo ChoCenter for Surgery and Public Health, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Sean A FletcherJames Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Marianne LeitsmannDepartment of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Sascha AhyaiDepartment of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Quoc-Dien TrinhDepartment of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
Alexander P ColeDepartment of Urology, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. alexander.p.cole@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn recent years, there has been considerable interest in addressing racial disparities in prostate cancer (PCa) care including risk-adapted screening. This study examined trends in metastatic PCa incidence by race and placed them in context of changes in PSA screening recommendations.

methodsWe analyzed metastatic PCa incidence trends by race (using Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data, 2005-2021) and PSA screening trends (using Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Survey data, 2012-2020). We fitted a generalized linear model with an interaction term for race and year of diagnosis and calculated annual incidence rate ratios (metastatic disease) and odds ratios (screening) for Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) vs. Non-Hispanic White (NHW) men.

resultsFrom 2005 to 2021, the age-adjusted metastatic PCa incidence (per 100,000) increased from 16.4 to 22.3 in NHB men, and from 6.2 to 10.8 in NHW men. While the incidence increased in both groups, the NHB vs. NHW incidence rate ratio declined from 2.6 (95%CI: 2.4, 2.9) in 2005 to 2.1 (95%CI:2.0,2.2) in 2021 (p < .0001), indicating a narrowing racial gap. From 2012 to 2020, PSA screening declined in both groups. NHB men initially had higher rates (OR:1.34, 95%CI: 1.21, 1.49, p < 0.0001) but experienced a steeper decline, resulting in no significant difference by 2020 (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.19, p = 0.59).

conclusionsThe racial gap in metastatic PCa narrowed over the study period, while overall incidence increased. Higher screening rates among Black men in the early 2010s may explain the narrowing gap. The subsequent more rapid decline among Black men raises concerns about resurgence of racial disparities in the coming years.

Indexed as

Healthcare DisparitiesProstatic NeoplasmsAgedBlack or African AmericanEarly Detection of CancerHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm MetastasisProstate-Specific AntigenSEER ProgramUnited StatesWhiteProstate-Specific AntigenBehavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)Health equityMetastatic prostate cancer incidenceProstate cancer screeningProstate-specific antigenRacial disparitiesSurveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER)

Identifiers

PMID41199310
PMCPMC12590629

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.