ArticleBMC veterinary research2025
VP1 region-based molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O from clinical cases in Haryana, India.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Abstract
backgroundFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly transmissible viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed animals, significantly impacting livestock productivity and trade in India. The causative agent, FMD virus (FMDV), exhibits considerable genetic and antigenic diversity, with serotype O being most prevalent. Haryana, a northern Indian state with a large susceptible livestock population, has reported sporadic FMD cases despite ongoing vaccination efforts. This study aims to detect, type, and characterize FMDV from suspected animals in Haryana during 2024, with a focus on genetic variations in the VP1 region compared to the vaccine strain and contemporary isolates.
resultsClinical samples from suspected cases were analyzed using RT-multiplex PCR, confirming the presence of FMDV O in five buffaloes from two districts. The partial P1 region was amplified and sequenced from five samples using 1C/2B gene-specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis classified all five samples (GenBank Accession Nos. PV068827-PV068830 & PV288326) within the Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA) topotype based on 1D gene sequences (639 nt). Four samples (PV068827-PV068830) exhibited 12.3-12.8% nucleotide divergence from the Indian vaccine strain FMDV O/IND/R2/1975 and clustered under the O/ME-SA/SA-2018 lineage, while one sample (PV288326), showing 14.3% divergence, belonged to the O/ME-SA/Ind2001e lineage. Amino acid analysis revealed 10-11 variations, including four common mutations. Antigenic sites remained conserved, except for an I144V substitution, which is common in all Indian serotype O isolates reported earlier.
conclusionThese findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, such as enhanced biosecurity at livestock fairs and markets, restrictions on animal movement from endemic to disease-free zones, wildlife surveillance, and the inclusion of the role of less-monitored species, like small ruminants and wildlife in virus maintenance. Future studies should include antigenic relationship (r-value) tests to assess vaccine efficacy against circulating strains.
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