ReviewBiomedical engineering online2025
3D bioprinted melanoma models: a novel paradigm for the assessment of anticancer strategies combining PDT and drug delivery systems.
Review in Biomedical engineering online, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- An integrative review on disease pathogenesis, diagnostic techniques, management strategies, and futuristic innovations in ocular malignancies.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Developing a melanoma-skin-on-a-chip integrated with vasculature using an edgeless skin reconstruction approach.Research square · 2026Article
- 3D Bioprinting for Tumor Microenvironment Reconstruction: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Advances in 3D bioprinting for medical application: opportunities and challenges.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Malignant melanoma remains the most aggressive type of skin cancer, leading to a high rate of associated death over the past decade, often exhibiting resistance to conventional therapies and presenting significant challenges for preclinical testing. In this instance, the complexity of the progression and the interaction within the tumor microenvironment highlight the necessity for advanced models. Traditional 2D cultures and standard 3D systems, such as spheroids and organoids, fail to fully replicate native skin architecture and lack reproducibility, vascularization, and immune integration. Recent advances in 3D bioprinting have enabled the development of melanoma models that more accurately mimic human skin by incorporating multiple cell types, extracellular matrix components, and spatial control. These models support the evaluation of innovative therapies, including nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems and photodynamic therapy (PDT). This review discusses the evolution of in vitro melanoma modeling, highlighting the role of bioprinting technologies and bioink design within this setting, and investigates emerging applications in PDT and drug delivery systems, assessing the advances and current challenges in the context of melanoma.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.