Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41199024›Full record

ArticleNature biotechnology2025

Site-specific DNA insertion into the human genome with engineered recombinases.

Alison Fanton, Liam J Bartie, Juliana Q Martins, Vincent Q Tran, Laine Goudy, Courtney Kernick, Matthew G Durrant, Jingyi Wei, Zev Armour-Garb, April Pawluk and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Synthetic Regulatory Genomics.Annual review of genomics and human genetics · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Ultra-large targeted DNA integrations in primary human cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Structural basis of directionality control in large serine integrases.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Alison FantonArc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Liam J BartieArc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-9527
Juliana Q MartinsArc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Vincent Q TranArc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Laine GoudyArc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Courtney KernickArc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-1295-072X
Matthew G DurrantArc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Jingyi WeiArc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-685X
Zev Armour-GarbGladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
April PawlukArc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Silvana KonermannArc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-1685
Alexander MarsonGladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2734-5776
Luke A GilbertArc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Theodore L RothArc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3970-9573
Patrick D HsuArc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA. patrick@arcinstitute.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9380-2648

Funding

National Science Foundation (NSF) 2019284848
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Insertions of large DNA sequences into the genome are broadly enabling for research and therapeutic applications. Large serine recombinases (LSRs) can mediate direct, site-specific genomic integration of multi-kilobase DNA sequences without a pre-installed landing pad, albeit with low insertion rates and high off-target activity. Here we present an engineering roadmap for jointly optimizing their DNA recombination efficiency and specificity. We combine directed evolution, structural analysis and computational models to rapidly identify additive mutational combinations. We further enhance performance through donor DNA optimization and dCas9 fusions, enabling simultaneous target and donor recruitment. Our top engineered LSR variants, superDn29-dCas9, goldDn29-dCas9 and hifiDn29-dCas9, achieve up to 53% integration efficiency and 97% genome-wide specificity at an endogenous human locus and effectively integrate large DNA cargoes up to 12 kb for stable expression in non-dividing cells, stem cells and primary human T cells. Rational engineering of DNA recombinases enables precise and efficient single-step genome insertion for diverse applications across gene and cell therapies.

Identifiers

PMID41199024

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.