Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41198946›Full record

ArticleMolecular psychiatry2026

Unraveling spatiotemporal dynamics in transdiagnosis subtypes of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: insights from co-activation patterns and treatment response.

Aoling Cai, Jingyu Yang, Huiling Guo, Shuai Dong, Tongtong Zhao, Wenjie Zhou, Mengdi Hou, Junjie Zheng, Juan Liu, Yanqing Tang and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Aoling Cai *Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
Jingyu Yang *Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
Huiling Guo *Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
Shuai DongSchool of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
Tongtong ZhaoEarly Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
Wenjie ZhouSongjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.
Mengdi HouEarly Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
Junjie ZhengEarly Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
Juan LiuEarly Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
Yanqing TangDepartment of Psychiatry, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1331-4936
Rongxin ZhuEarly Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
Xinye NiThe Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, P.R. China. nxy@njmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2402-9719
Xizhe ZhangEarly Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China. zhangxizhe@gmail.com.
Xiaohong GongMOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China. gongxh@fudan.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9730-8815
Fei WangEarly Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China. fei.wang@yale.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7650-6345

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) share numerous overlapping symptoms and clinical features, both classified as mood disorders (MD). Despite the proposal of several transdiagnostic subtypes, the dynamic features and network-level neurobiological mechanisms underlying these subtypes remain poorly understood. In the current study, data from two independent cohorts were used to investigate the spatiotemporal features of brain activity. Cohort1 included 112 MD patients and 142 healthy controls (HC) for cross-sectional comparison, while Cohort2 comprised 423 MD patients who underwent MRI scanning before and after one week in-hospital treatment. Initially, two subtypes were identified based on their amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) maps, and their brain spatiotemporal dynamics were further explored using co-activation patterns (CAPs). Four recurrent CAP states were identified: CAP2 and CAP3 were primarily associated with default mode network (DMN), while CAP1 and CAP4 were associated with frontoparietal network (FPN). Results showed that Subtype1 exhibited higher occurrence, persistence, and transition probabilities of DMN-related states, along with lower dynamics in FPN-related states. In contrast, Subtype2 showed higher occurrence and persistence in FPN-related states. Further analysis revealed that these dynamic features tended to revert toward normal states after one week treatment. Moreover, the dynamic characteristics in Subtype1 were associated with higher suicidality and lower agitation symptoms, while those in Subtype2 were correlated with somatic anxiety and systemic symptoms. Our study provides insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of brain intrinsic states in different subtypes of MD, revealing the variations in MD subtypes and treatment response from a dynamic perspective and offering a pathway for further elucidation of their underlying biological mechanisms.

Indexed as

Bipolar DisorderMajor Depressive DisorderAdultBrainBrain MappingCohort StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesDefault Mode NetworkFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedNerve NetTreatment Outcome

Identifiers

PMID41198946
PMCPMC12916298

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.