ArticleScientific reports2025
Expressed emotion and associated factors among primary caregivers of people with schizophrenia in public hospitals Eastern Ethiopia.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Expressed emotion is an attitude, feeling, and emotional reaction of primary caregivers toward people with schizophrenia. High levels of expressed emotion in primary caregivers are linked to a higher relapse rate in those with schizophrenia than in families with low levels of expressed emotion. Despite the critical role of caregivers in the management of schizophrenia, there is limited research on their expressed emotions in eastern Ethiopia. To assess expressed emotions and associated factors among primary caregivers of people with schizophrenia receiving treatment at public hospitals in Harari Regional State and Dire Dawa Administrative City from June 1 to June 30, 2024. A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 414 participants at public hospitals in Harari Regional State and Dire Dawa city Administrative. A systematic sampling method was used to select study participants. The expressed emotions were assessed via family questionnaires. Data entry and analysis were performed via Epi-Data 4.6 and STATA version 14, respectively. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate the associations between independent and outcome variables. Variables with p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant, and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the strength of the associations. The prevalence of highly expressed emotions in this study was 48.31% (95% CI 43.51-53.14%). A duration of caregiving of more than 8 years (AOR 2.74; 95% CI 1.02, 7.33), severity of illness (AOR 3.45; 95% CI 1.89; 6.28), severe burden (AOR 4.34; 95% CI 2.03, 9.28), perceived stigma (AOR 2.59; 95% CI 1.53, 4.41), and poor social support (AOR 3.54; 95% CI 1.74, 7.19) were significantly associated with highly expressed emotion. This study revealed that the prevalence of expressed emotion is significantly high. The duration of caregiving; perceived stigma, burden, and severity of illness; and social support of the study participants were significantly associated with expressed emotion. Promote policies that ensure better coordination of care between mental health professionals, primary care providers, and social services to create a more comprehensive care plan.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.