Using the Health Belief Model To Assess the Impact of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Health Education Video Towards Screening Adoption in Non-US-Born Persons Living in California.

Tuberculosis (TB) disproportionately affects non-US-born people from TB-endemic countries. Previous studies demonstrated that educational interventions effectively increased knowledge, perception, and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening in at-risk people. Given the high prevalence of LTBI and active TB cases and the large proportion of non-US-born individuals with low LTBI awareness residing in California, this study sought to evaluate the impact of video-based LTBI education in this population. Using a pre-post study design, we evaluated the impact of a 5-minute LTBI educational video on participants using the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs. We enrolled 84 non-US-born participants during the study period. Participants first completed the pre-survey, which consisted of the HBM LTBI Survey, followed by a demographic survey. Participants then watched the educational intervention video, followed by the post-survey, which consisted of the HBM LTBI Survey. This study found a significant increase in perceived susceptibility, t (83) = 8.82, p < 0.001, perceived severity, t (83) = 2.06, p = 0.043, perceived benefits, t (83) = 3.33, p < 0.001, and behavioral intentions to screen for TB, t (82) = 3.99, p < 0.001, as well as a significant decrease in perceived barriers, t (83) = -3.38, p < 0.001. This study also found that overall, the HBM significantly predicted behavioral intentions to engage in TB screening, F (7, 62) = 10.22, p < 0.001. We found that a health education video improved the self-reported education, awareness, and desire for screening for LTBI in non-US-born populations living in California. Future studies should evaluate whether such interventions result in a higher uptake of LTBI screening and treatment.