Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41196450›Full record

ReviewCurrent heart failure reports2025

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Heart Failure: Clinical Perspectives on hsCRP, IL-6 and Emerging Candidates.

Berkan Kurt, Konstantin Rex, Martin Reugels, Christopher B Fordyce, Marat Fudim, Abhinav Sharma, Martin Berger, Nikolaus Marx, Katharina Marx-Schütt, Florian Kahles

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current heart failure reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Berkan Kurt *Department of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-1313-152X
Konstantin Rex *Department of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-8948-2134
Martin ReugelsDepartment of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Christopher B FordyceCentre for Cardiovascular Innovation, Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Marat FudimDuke Clinical Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Abhinav SharmaDivision of Cardiology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Martin BergerDepartment of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Nikolaus MarxDepartment of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Katharina Marx-SchüttDepartment of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Florian KahlesDepartment of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany. fkahles@ukaachen.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6343-2562

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewHeart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence highlights that systemic low-grade inflammation is a key pathophysiological driver of HF. This review seeks to examine the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of inflammatory biomarkers - specifically interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) - and evaluate their potential for improving risk stratification and enabling personalized treatment approaches in HF. RECENT

findingsIL-6 and hsCRP have emerged as important markers of residual inflammatory risk in HF. Elevated levels of these biomarkers are associated with increased risk of incident HF and adverse outcomes in established disease. While hsCRP is as a downstream marker of inflammation with no causal involvement, Mendelian randomization studies support a causal role of IL-6 signaling in the development of HF and coronary artery disease. Recent and ongoing clinical trials support the concept of targeting inflammatory pathways as a therapeutic strategy in selected HF populations. Inflammatory biomarkers, particularly IL-6 and hsCRP, are promising tools for advancing precision medicine in HF by improving individual risk assessment and guiding anti-inflammatory interventions. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate the integration of inflammatory biomarkers into clinical algorithms for HF and explore their potential role in future guideline recommendations and personalized prevention strategies.

Indexed as

C-Reactive ProteinHeart FailureInflammationInterleukin-6BiomarkersHumansRisk AssessmentBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinInterleukin-6BiomarkerHsCRPIL-6InflammationPreventionPrognosisRisk stratification

Identifiers

PMID41196450
PMCPMC12592283

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.