Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41196061›Full record

ArticleJournal of virology2025

A glycoprotein D-targeted lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA vaccine elicits strong protective immunity against pseudorabies virus.

Yue Sun, Shi-Jia Xu, Yongfei Zhou, Yanhe Zhang, Hongliang Zhang, Ting Le, Yuan-Zhe Bai, Cui-Hong Rao, Shanshan Huo, Tianceng Zhou and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of virology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Yue Sun *State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Shi-Jia Xu *State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Yongfei Zhou *Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
Yanhe ZhangState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Hongliang ZhangState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0705-6800
Ting LeState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Yuan-Zhe BaiState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Cui-Hong RaoState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Shanshan HuoHebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
Tianceng ZhouHebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
Tong-Qing AnState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Xin YinState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Fei YuHebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6332-4326
Xue-Hui CaiState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.ORCID 0009-0007-6677-8754
Yan-Dong TangState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7025-1364

Funding

China National Key Research and Development Program during the 14-th Five-year Plan Period 2023YFD1801300
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The pseudorabies virus (PRV), a highly contagious pathogen with zoonotic potential, continues to threaten swine production and public health due to the emergence of virulent variants and insufficient protection conferred by conventional live attenuated vaccines. Although commercial vaccines are safe for pigs, their residual pathogenicity in other susceptible species underscores the demand for universally safe alternatives. Here, we engineered a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA vaccine (mRNA-LNPs) expressing PRV glycoprotein D (gD) and evaluated its efficacy in murine and porcine models. In mice, vaccination with gD mRNA-LNPs elicited potent neutralizing antibodies and provided complete protection against lethal PRV challenge. In piglets, immunization induced rapid humoral immune responses, significantly reduced viral loads in tissues and viral shedding post-challenge, and alleviated histopathological damage. Mechanistically, except for its ability to elicit neutralizing antibodies, the vaccine also stimulated antigen-specific CD3 IMPORTANCE: The emergence of virulent pseudorabies virus (PRV) variants and the insufficient cross-species protection conferred by conventional live attenuated vaccines pose significant challenges to global swine production and zoonotic biosecurity. Here, we developed a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA vaccine (gD mRNA-LNPs) targeting PRV glycoprotein D (gD), a critical mediator of viral entry. This vaccine elicits robust neutralizing antibodies and potent T-cell responses, providing complete protection against lethal PRV challenge in both murine and porcine models. Unlike traditional vaccines, gD mRNA-LNPs eliminates residual pathogenicity risks and demonstrates broad efficacy against diverse PRV strains, including emerging variants. Its scalable production platform and ability to differentiate vaccinated from infected animals via serological diagnostics align with One Health strategies for PRV eradication. This study establishes mRNA-LNPs technology as a versatile, safe, and effective solution for combating PRV, with implications for improving livestock health and reducing zoonotic spillover threats.

Indexed as

Herpesvirus 1, SuidNanoparticlesPseudorabiesPseudorabies VaccinesViral Envelope ProteinsAnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralFemaleLipidsLiposomesMiceMice, Inbred BALB CmRNA VaccinesRNA, MessengerSwineAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralLipid NanoparticlesLipidsLiposomesmRNA VaccinesPseudorabies VaccinesRNA, MessengerVaccines, SyntheticViral Envelope Proteinsglycoprotein DmRNA vaccinepseudorabies virusvaccine

Identifiers

PMID41196061
PMCPMC12645995

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.