Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41196011›Full record

Observational studyHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025

T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in adults with Down syndrome - a prospective cohort study.

Lobke C M Hensen, Bianca M M Streng, Femke van Wijk, Stefan Nierkens, Rob S van Binnendijk, Anne-Marie Buisman, Antonia M W Coppus, Corine H Geurts van Kessel, Gert de Graaf, Fiona R van der Klis and 10 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Lobke C M HensenDepartment of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Bianca M M StrengDepartment of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Femke van WijkCenter for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Stefan NierkensCenter for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Rob S van BinnendijkLaboratory for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Anne-Marie BuismanLaboratory for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Antonia M W CoppusDepartment for Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Corine H Geurts van KesselDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Gert de GraafFoundation Stichting Down Syndroom, Meppel, The Netherlands.
Fiona R van der KlisLaboratory for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Regina LambertsFoundation Stichting Down Syndroom, Meppel, The Netherlands.
Gestur VidarssonSanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Tracy J RuckwardtVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Esther de VriesTranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
Rory D de VriesDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Michel E WeijermanDepartment of Pediatrics, Alrijne Hospital, Leiderdorp, The Netherlands.
Daniel M WeinbergerDepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Joanne G WildenbeestDepartment of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Louis J BontDepartment of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Eveline M DelemarreDepartment of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-4310-0998

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with immune dysfunction, which led to higher hospitalization and mortality rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. We previously showed that antibody concentrations were lower in adults with DS after primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However, knowledge on cellular vaccine-induced responses in DS is limited. Here, we investigated the T-cell response induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in adults with DS. We included adults with DS and healthy controls (HC) between 18 and 64 years following primary (mRNA and vector) and booster (mRNA) SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Using flow cytometry, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were analyzed after spike peptide re-stimulation. Additionally, interferon-gamma (IFNγ) production by SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells was measured with an IFNγ release assay (IGRA) after antigen stimulation. We observed major deficits in naive CD4

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesDown SyndromeSARS-CoV-2T-LymphocytesAdolescentAdultCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesFemaleHumansImmunization, SecondaryInterferon-gammaMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesCOVID-19 VaccinesInterferon-gammaCOVID-19Down syndromeIFNγmRNA and vector vaccinesSARS-CoV-2T cells

Identifiers

PMID41196011
PMCPMC12599571

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.