ReviewRSC advances2025
A multifaceted review on extraction optimization, nanoformulation, and chemical modification approaches to enhance the yield, bioavailability, and health effects of xanthones.
Review in RSC advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation and MM/PBSA Analysis of α-Mangostin Stabilization in SoluplusInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Procyanidin Capsules Relieve Inflammation in Hypertriglyceridemic Acute Pancreatitis via Regulating Oxidative Phosphorylation Signaling.ACS omega · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Xanthones, a class of polyphenolic bioactive compounds found abundantly in nature, possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Despite their therapeutic promise, their clinical translation is limited by poor solubility, low bioavailability, and challenges associated with their efficient extraction. This review critically evaluates the current strategies aimed at overcoming these limitations through extraction optimization, nanocarrier-based delivery systems, and chemical modifications. Nanotechnology-based formulations, such as polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based carriers, nanoemulsions, nanomicelles, and inorganic/hybrid systems, have significantly enhanced the solubility, stability, and cellular uptake of xanthones, with examples like α-mangostin nanomicelles and mangiferin-loaded nanoemulsions demonstrating potent anticancer activity in preclinical models. Concurrently, green extraction technologies, including supercritical fluid extraction, deep eutectic solvents, ultrasound-assisted methods, and microwave-assisted methods, have surpassed traditional solvent-based techniques in both yield and environmental sustainability. Chemical modifications, such as glycosylation and esterification, exemplified by mangiferin monosodium salts, further improve the water solubility and pharmacokinetic profiles, enabling more targeted therapeutic applications. Nonetheless, challenges remain, particularly in scaling extraction techniques, ensuring the long-term stability of nanoformulations, and conducting extensive human trials. Future perspectives should emphasize the integration of xanthones with other therapeutic agents, development of targeted drug-delivery systems, conjugation of xanthone-based nanocarriers with ligands for tumor-targeted therapy and/or integration with AI-based formulation optimization to fully realize their clinical potential.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.