ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2025
Influence of developmental stage on the antibiotic resistome and virome of the critically endangered kākāpō (
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand, the kākāpō is among the world's rarest bird species with a current population of less than 250 individuals. As part of ongoing research efforts to support the conservation of this intensively managed species, we utilised a metatranscriptomics approach to elucidate, for the first time, the expression of antibiotic resistance genes within the kākāpō chick and adult gut microbiomes, further leveraging these data to describe the kākāpō virome. To determine differences among members of the kākāpō population, our data were obtained from birds encompassing different ages, sexes, geographic locations and antibiotic histories. We additionally analysed a time-series dataset following a single male kākāpō over the course of antibiotic treatment during a case of exudative cloacitis. There were significant differences between chicks and adult kākāpō in both the expression of antibiotic resistance genes and their viromes. Expression of these genes indicated potential resistance against 32 antibiotic classes, including 14 single classes of antibiotic and 18 multidrug classes. We identified 74 viral families, but no known avian-infecting viruses. Our case study of the single kākāpō during antibiotic treatment revealed notable changes in expression across time, with a reassuring lack of antibiotic resistance gene expression towards the end of the treatment, indicative of continued efficacy of antibiotic treatment. These novel data will help to inform conservation efforts for this enigmatic and unique bird species.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.