Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41195117›Full record

ArticlePCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences2025

Self-help cognitive behavioral therapy for gaze anxiety in young adults: Protocol of a 3-arms, multicenter, randomized controlled trial.

Kazuki Matsumoto, Sayo Hamatani, Yoshifumi Mizuno, Akiko Maeno, Makiko Kasai, Katsunori Watanabe, Rio Kamashita, Naomi Sunami, Masatoshi Ikeda, Shinobu Nagata and 6 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Kazuki MatsumotoDivision of Clinical Psychology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Research and Education Assembly Medical and Dental Sciences Area Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0505-6882
Sayo HamataniResearch Center for Child Mental Development University of Fukui Fukui Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7847-6381
Yoshifumi MizunoResearch Center for Child Mental Development University of Fukui Fukui Japan.
Akiko MaenoDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Human Relations Shigakukan University Kagoshima Japan.
Makiko KasaiClinical Psychology Course Naruto University of Education Tokushima Japan.
Katsunori WatanabeDepartment of Psychology Jin-ai University Fukui Japan.
Rio KamashitaDivision of Occupational Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Hiroshima Cosmopolitan University Hiroshima Japan.
Naomi SunamiDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Liberal Arts Teikyo University Tokyo Japan.
Masatoshi IkedaDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Liberal Arts Teikyo University Tokyo Japan.
Shinobu NagataClinical Psychology Course, Department of Psychology Shujitsu University Okayama Japan.
Masahiko InoueDepartment of Clinical Psychology Faculty of Medical Tottori University Tottori Japan.
Yasuhiro KimuraDepartment of Welfare Psychology, Faculty of Welfare Fukushima Gakuin University Fukushima Japan.
Mizue YokooPsychological Course Tokyo Rissho Junior College, Faculty of Modern Communication Tokyo Japan.
Yoshihiko KunisatoDepartment of Psychology Senshu University Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan.
Yasuaki AkasakiSchool of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan.
Masayuki NakamuraDepartment of Psychiatry Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5558-0418

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Gaze anxiety (scopophobia) is a frequently observed and reported symptom that is closely associated with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Considering the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for social anxiety, it may also be beneficial for individuals with gaze anxiety. Self-help CBT can offer a means of early intervention; however, its effectiveness remains unclear. Methods: This protocol describes the design of a clinical trial aimed at evaluating the efficacy of two self-help CBT interventions for gaze anxiety. This multicenter randomized controlled trial is planned across 12 institutions in Japan. The participants will be young adults aged 18-30 years who report anxiety and avoidance related to gazes. The enrolled participants will be randomly assigned to either a self-help book CBT group, a web-based CBT group, or a control group. The severity of gaze anxiety, as the primary outcome, will be assessed using online questionnaires at baseline, 3 months post-intervention, and the 6-month follow-up, with effectiveness evaluated through statistical analysis using mixed-effects models. Results: The clinical trial will be performed from April 2025 to March 2026, and the results of this study are expected to be available by mid-2026. The results of this trial will provide insights into the effectiveness of self-help CBT for gaze anxiety (scopophobia). Conclusions: This trial will examine whether self-help CBT improves access and whether it is effective for adolescents and young adults with social anxiety, especially gaze anxiety.

Indexed as

cognitive behavioral therapygaze anxietyscopophobiaself‐helpsocial anxiety disorder

Identifiers

PMID41195117
PMCPMC12583993

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.