ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2025
Effects of a visual-feedback LED pacing system in middle-distance pool freestyle swimming.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: This study examined the effects of an intelligent LED pacing system with visual feedback on training performance and physiological responses in middle-distance freestyle swimming. Methods: Twelve high-level swimmers completed two 200 m freestyle trials in a self-controlled design: first a self-paced swim, followed 24 h later by an LED-paced swim. The LED system (Chaser-S1, Huaqiao University) converted individualized target times from each swimmer's personal best into underwater light signals, providing real-time feedback. Trials were conducted in a 50 m indoor pool under standardized conditions. Each race was timed by three referees with synchronized stopwatches, heart rate was monitored with a Polar H10 under the swim cap, and fingertip blood lactate was sampled 1 min before and after each trial. Recorded outcomes included entire and segmental times, coefficient of variation (CV) of split time, blood lactate change (Δ mmol·L Results: LED pacing showed no significant differences in entire 200 m time or split times compared with self-pacing (entire: 150.21 ± 18.44 vs. 153.78 ± 20.26 s, Conclusion: In highly trained swimmers, LED pacing exerted negligible effects on pacing consistency and race time but was associated with reduced post-exercise blood lactate and heart rate fluctuations, indicating potential utility for training load management rather than immediate performance enhancement.
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