The Role of Growth Mindset and Self-Control Strategies Between Outcome Experiences and Physical Activity: Insights from Structural Equation Model and System Dynamics.

Background: Outcome experiences have been recognized as a prominent predictor of physical activity engagement and maintenance in adults with obesity, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate and elucidate whether and how growth mindset and self-control strategies serve as modifiable mediators in this relationship. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using stratified sampling, enrolling 209 adults with obesity. Logistic regression, structural equation modeling, system dynamics modeling, and simulation interventions were employed to test the hypothesized mediation model. Results: Outcome experiences were directly and significantly associated with physical activity (β = 0.247, Conclusion: Although outcome experiences are resistant to change, their impact on physical activity can be modulated through adaptive psychological mechanisms, including growth mindset and self-control strategies. Interventions targeting these modifiable factors offer a promising pathway to promote physical activity among adults with obesity, especially those affected by negative past experiences. However, given the cross-sectional design of this study, causal inferences are limited, and the intervention recommendations remain preliminary, necessitating further validation through longitudinal and experimental research.