Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41194802›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of computational intelligence systems2025

Responsible Detection and Mitigation of AI-Generated Text Using Hybrid Neural Networks and Feature Fusion: Toward Trustworthy Content Management in the Era of Large Language Models.

Raed Alharthi, Stephen Ojo, Thomas I Nathaniel, Nagwan Abdel Samee, Muhammad Umer, Mona M Jamjoom, Shtwai Alsubai, Jawad Khan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of computational intelligence systems, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Raed AlharthiDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, 31991 Saudi Arabia.
Stephen OjoDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Anderson University, Anderson, SC USA.
Thomas I NathanielSchool of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, South Carolina, USA.
Nagwan Abdel SameeDepartment of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, P.O. Box 84428 Saudi Arabia.
Muhammad UmerDepartment of Computer Science and Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Mona M JamjoomDepartment of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, P.O. Box 84428 Saudi Arabia.
Shtwai AlsubaiDepartment of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia.
Jawad KhanSchool of Computing, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The proliferation of AI-generated text, fueled by large language models (LLMs), presents pressing challenges in maintaining content authenticity, safeguarding academic integrity, and mitigating misinformation. This paper proposes a responsible detection and mitigation framework that leverages hybrid neural networks and multi-feature fusion to distinguish AI-generated text from human-authored content. The proposed model integrates BERT-based semantic embeddings, convolutional features via Text-CNN, and statistical descriptors into a unified representation. A CNN-BiLSTM architecture is employed to capture both local syntactic patterns and long-range semantic dependencies. The framework emphasizes responsible AI (RAI) by prioritizing interpretability and reducing bias in detection decisions. Extensive evaluations on a balanced benchmark dataset demonstrate the model's superior performance, achieving 95.4% accuracy, 94.8% precision, 94.1% recall, and a 96.7% F1-score-outperforming leading transformer-based baselines. The proposed framework is also evaluated on the CoAID external independent dataset to show generalizability. This study contributes to the responsible deployment of LLMs by enhancing transparency and robustness in AI-generated content verification, paving the way for secure and ethical integration of generative models into content management systems.

Indexed as

AI-generated textDeep fake detectionFeature fusionLarge language models (LLM)Misinformation detectionNatural language processingResponsible artificial intelligence (RAI)

Identifiers

PMID41194802
PMCPMC12583390

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.