Trial reportJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2025
Anabolic Effects of Salbutamol Are Lost Upon Immobilization.
Trial report in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Anabolic Effects of Salbutamol Are Lost Upon Immobilization.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Trial
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPeriods of muscle disuse occur during hospitalization, illness or the recovery from (sports) injury and lead to a rapid loss of muscle mass and the development of insulin resistance. Salbutamol is a fast-acting β2-adrenoreceptor agonist that may improve muscle protein synthesis and insulin sensitivity during experimental muscle disuse and thereby attenuate or preserve muscle mass; however, this has not yet been tested as a standalone intervention.
methodsEffects of salbutamol treatment on muscle metabolism were studied in a randomized controlled trial using a human forearm immobilization model (n = 20). Before and after immobilization for 2 days, we measured whole-body glucose disposal, forearm glucose uptake and amino acid kinetics during fasting and hyperinsulinaemic-hyperaminoacidaemic-euglycemic clamp conditions using forearm balance and L-[ring-
resultsIn humans, salbutamol enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose disposal on the whole-body level (+21%, p = 0.010) but was unable to ameliorate the immobilization-induced decrease in forearm glucose uptake. Salbutamol decreased the efflux of amino acids from the immobilized forearm, indicating increased muscle protein synthesis and/or inhibition of breakdown. However, this did not affect the immobilization-induced impairment of amino acid net balance in both postabsorptive (-250%) and clamp conditions (-261%, both p = 0.031). In agreement, in mice, salbutamol increased cumulative muscle protein synthesis (+0.87%, p < 0.001) but did not result in a net gain of muscle mass upon immobilization due to an accompanying increase in muscle protein turnover (+13%, p < 0.001). Molecular analyses revealed immobilization inhibited salbutamol's effects on the muscle transcriptome, specifically the muscle contraction pathway (-2.1 normalized enrichment score, p < 0.001).
conclusionsSalbutamol increases muscle mass and glucose uptake, although these effects are limited to active but not inactive muscles. This demonstrates that the mechanism of action and efficacy of β2-adrenoreceptor signalling are hampered upon immobilization, which offers potential for a combined treatment intervention of reintroducing muscle contraction and salbutamol administration to improve muscle mass and clinical outcomes during episodes of physical inactivity.
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