Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41194242›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2025

A nationwide cross-sectional study of antimicrobial resistance in Palestinian hospitals: insights from 10,000 clinical isolates.

Ibrahim Amer Ghannam, Shams Riad Owdetallah, Sara Khaled Alkhatib, Deema Issa Zboun, Esra Ahmed Alhelale, Khalid Ayman Najjar, Yahya Ibrahim Ghannam

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ibrahim Amer GhannamDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine. ighannam@staff.alquds.edu.
Shams Riad OwdetallahDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine.
Sara Khaled AlkhatibDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine.
Deema Issa ZbounDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine.
Esra Ahmed AlhelaleDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine.
Khalid Ayman NajjarDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine.
Yahya Ibrahim GhannamFaculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis, but its burden is magnified in conflict-affected, resource-limited settings. We present the first national-scale assessment of AMR in Palestinian hospitals, characterizing prevalence patterns and identifying demographic and clinical predictors of multidrug resistance (MDR).

methodsThis cross-sectional study examined 10,007 unique bacterial isolates from thirteen West Bank governmental hospitals (January-December 2023). Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing adhered to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2022 guidelines. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms were defined as resistant to ≥ 3 antimicrobial classes. Binary logistic regression identified demographic and clinical predictors of MDR.

resultsOf 10,007 bacterial isolates, 36.7% were MDR, with the highest rates observed in Acinetobacter baumannii (76.4%), ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (69.2%), and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (58.3%). Staphylococcus aureus had a 29.5% MDR rate. Elderly patients (≥ 65 years) had the highest MDR (48.4%; adjusted OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.61-2.13, p < 0.001). Hospital-specific MDR rates ranged from 24.0 to 64.4%.

conclusionsPalestine faces a critical MDR burden, necessitating urgent antibiotic regulation, enhanced stewardship, and standardized diagnostics to mitigate AMR in this and similar conflict-affected settings.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaBacterial InfectionsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialAcinetobacter baumanniiAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHospitalsHumansInfantAnti-Bacterial AgentsAMR surveillanceAntimicrobial resistanceExtensively drug-resistantGram-negative pathogensGram-positive pathogensMultidrug resistancePalestinian healthcare

Identifiers

PMID41194242
PMCPMC12587641

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.