ArticleBMC oral health2025
Comprehensive analysis of maxillary sinus anatomical features and associated characteristics: a CBCT-based study in a Saudi subpopulation.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- CBCT assessment of maxillary sinus dimensions in a Saudi subpopulation: a retrospective study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Machine learning-driven forensic sex prediction using CT-based nasal and maxillary sinus metrics.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Maxillary sinus morphometry and root-sinus proximity in the posterior maxilla: a CBCT study.The Saudi dental journal · 2026Article
- Evaluation of pathological and volumetric changes in the maxillary sinus using CBCT in patients with periodontitis.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- The Big Nose Pattern at the Second Upper Molar-A Retrospective CBCT Study.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Anatomical variations of the maxillary sinuses: A cross-sectional study.Biomedical reports · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe maxillary sinus exhibits significant anatomical variation, influenced by sex, age and laterality. Understanding these morphological characteristics is essential for effective diagnostic and surgical planning in dentistry and maxillofacial procedures. Comprehensive Comprehensive cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based evaluations in Saudi populations remain limited.
objectiveThis study aimed to assess maxillary sinus anatomical features and dimensions using CBCT imaging in a Saudi subpopulation, examining associations with sex, side and age.
methodsA retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 1018 CBCT scans (2036 sinuses) of adults aged ≥ 18 years, obtained between January 2024 and January 2025 at a leading dental centre in Ha'il, Saudi Arabia. Sinus parameters, comprising width, length, area, perimeter, septa, fluid, and mucosal thickening, were measured. Statistical tests evaluated associations with sex, age and laterality.
resultsSinus fluid was the most frequent abnormality and was significantly more common in male and older adults (p < 0.001). Sinus dimensions (width, length, area, perimeter) were significantly larger in male than in female (p < 0.001) and decreased progressively with age, particularly after the fifth decade. Bilateral dimensions were strongly correlated (ρ > 0.55, p < 0.001), confirming anatomical symmetry.
conclusionsMaxillary sinus morphology varied significantly with sex and age in this Saudi population. Male and younger individuals exhibited larger sinus dimensions, and sinus pathology was more common in older adults. These findings underscore the value of CBCT imaging for individualised treatment planning and highlight the need for population-specific anatomical references in clinical and forensic contexts. These findings have implications for surgical planning and sex estimation in forensic cases.
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