ArticleBMC public health2025
Sleep quality during pregnancy: the role of anxiety, fear of childbirth, and obstetric factors - a multicenter cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of pregnancy pillow used in the last trimester on sleep and comfort: randomized controlled study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Trial
- The mediating role of fear of childbirth in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and cesarean section preference among pregnant women.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPregnancy is a vulnerable period for poor sleep quality, and sleep disturbances might increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the prevalence of poor sleep quality and examine the association of pregnancy-related anxiety, fear of childbirth, sociodemographic and obstetric factors with sleep quality among Iranian pregnant women.
methodsA multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted using multi-stage cluster sampling among 424 pregnant women attending health centers in Bandar Abbas, Iran, from 2023 to 2024. Data collection tools included a demographic and obstetric questionnaire, a checklist of pregnancy complications, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ), and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ). Data were analyzed using both univariate and multivariate linear regression in SPSS version 25 and quantile regression in R software version 4.3.0 with the quantreg package.
resultsThe mean age and gestational age of the participants were 29.10 ± 6.81 years and 22.35 ± 9.28 weeks, respectively. Poor sleep quality was observed in 70.8% of the participants, with rates of 69.7%, 65.6%, and 79.1% in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Pregnancy-related anxiety (B = 0.053, P < 0.001), fear of childbirth (B = 0.019, P = 0.006), occupation (B=-0.898, P = 0.026), unwanted pregnancy (B = 1.364, P < 0.001), hospitalization during pregnancy (B = 1.379, P < 0.001), and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (B = 1.114, P = 0.033) were associated with sleep quality in pregnant women. The results of the quantile regression confirmed the significant association of these factors with the median PSQI score.
conclusionsPoor sleep quality was common among pregnant women in this study. Housewives and those reporting higher levels of pregnancy-related anxiety and fear of childbirth, unwanted pregnancies, hospitalization, and IUGR during pregnancy, were more likely to experience poorer sleep quality. Given the adverse effects of sleep disorders on maternal and fetal health, screening and managing sleep disturbances during pregnancy are essential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.