Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41193884›Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical immunology2025

Consecutive non-Aspergillus Fungal Invasive Infections in Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Data from the French National Reference Center for Primary ImmunoDeficiencies and literature review.

Leïla Lefevre, Olivier Paccoud, Bénédicte Neven, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Mickaël Alligon, Julie Bruneau, Alain Fischer, Despina Moshous, Jacinta Bustamante, Capucine Picard and 25 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

35 authors.

Leïla LefevreParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Olivier Paccoud *Paris Cité University, Paris, France.
Bénédicte Neven *Paris Cité University, Paris, France.
Marie-Elisabeth BougnouxParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Mickaël AlligonFrench National Reference Centre for Primary ImmunoDeficiencies (CEREDIH), Necker University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
Julie BruneauParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Alain FischerParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Despina MoshousParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Jacinta BustamanteParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Capucine PicardParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Sylvain PoireeParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Romain GueryParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Martin CastelleParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Felipe SuarezParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Ambroise MarcaisParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Morgane CheminantParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Claire RouzaudParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Dea Garcia HermosoMycology Department, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, National Reference Center of Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Mycology Translational Research Group, Paris, France.
Hélène SalvatorDepartment of Respiratory Diseases, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France.
Emilie CatherinotDepartment of Respiratory Diseases, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France.
Benoit PilmisParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Luminita LucaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France.
Jean-Paul BrionDepartment of Infectious and Tropical Disease Department, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France.
Matthieu RevestInfectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France.
Virginie GandemerDepartment of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France.
Lucie LelievreDepartment of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
Muriel AlvarezDepartment of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
Anne ConradDepartment of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Hospital de La Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Fanny FouyssacDepartment of Pediatric OncoHaematology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France.
Catherine GaudFrench National Reference Centre for Primary ImmunoDeficiencies (CEREDIH), Necker University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
Sophie BlumentalPediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
Stéphane BlancheParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Olivier LortholaryParis Cité University, Paris, France.
Nizar MahlaouiPediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
Fanny LanternierParis Cité University, Paris, France. fanny.lanternier@aphp.fr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNon-Aspergillus invasive fungal infections (NAFI) are increasingly reported in patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD), but precise clinical descriptions remain scarce. OBJECTIVE AND

methodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of NAFI cases among CGD patients in the French National Registry of Primary Immunodeficiencies (CEREDIH) and in a comprehensive literature review.

resultsWe identified 16 proven NAFI (9 molds, 6 yeasts and 1 Pneumocystis) among 263 CGD patients from CEREDIH and included an additional 106 probable/proven NAFI from a literature review (75 molds, 29 yeasts, 1 Pneumocystis, 1 dimorphic). Mold NAFI occurred at a median age of 17 years [IQR 9-23], and were mostly located to the lungs (79%, 65/82). Mold NAFI were breakthrough in 59% of patients (35/59), and 24% were receiving immunosuppressive treatments (13/54, mostly high-dose corticosteroids, n = 11). Lung surgical biopsies yielded the highest diagnostic rate (39/39) compared to less invasive methods (BAL 8/18 and transthoracic punctures 8/12). Nine patients with mold NAFI, including 3 refractory cases, were cured after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Overall mortality for mold NAFI was 25% (20/81). Yeast infections occurred at a median age of 5 years [IQR 0-13], and 36% were receiving immunosuppressive treatments (5/14, mostly anti-TNF agents, n = 4). Infections were frequently located to lymph nodes or lungs, and 64% (21/33) were disseminated. Two yeast NAFI were cured after HSCT. Mortality was 26% (7/27).

conclusionNAFI in CGD patients are frequently severe, often occur despite prophylaxis and under additional immunosuppression, commonly require invasive procedures for diagnosis, and may be effectively managed with HSCT.

Indexed as

Granulomatous Disease, ChronicInvasive Fungal InfectionsAdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolFemaleFranceHematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationHumansMaleRegistriesRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultAntifungal prophylaxisBreakthroughChronic Granulomatous DiseaseNon-Aspergillus invasive fungal infection (NAFI)

Identifiers

PMID41193884
PMCPMC12589287

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.