Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41193805›Full record

ArticleNature2026

Atomically accurate de novo design of antibodies with RFdiffusion.

Nathaniel R Bennett, Joseph L Watson, Robert J Ragotte, Andrew J Borst, DéJenaé L See, Connor Weidle, Riti Biswas, Yutong Yu, Ellen L Shrock, Russell Ault and 22 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
123citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

123 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Multiobjective VScience advances · 2026
    Article
  8. Target discovery and drug design in the era of artificial intelligence.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026
    Review
  9. Antibody-drug conjugate engineering: from design to efficacy and safety.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Discovery of TCR-like antibodies to the KRAS G12D neoantigen via in silico-in vitro workflow.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
    Article
  15. Review
  16. AVIDbase: A biologically accurate structural dataset of nanobody-antigen complexes.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors.

Nathaniel R Bennett *Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Joseph L Watson *Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. jwatson3@uw.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5492-0249
Robert J Ragotte *Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. ragotte@uw.edu.
Andrew J Borst *Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
DéJenaé L See *Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Connor Weidle *Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Riti Biswas *Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-1980
Yutong Yu *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-4656-9700
Ellen L ShrockDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Russell AultDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Philip J Y LeungDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1801-8968
Buwei HuangDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Inna GoreshnikDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
John TamMolecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Kenneth D CarrDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-1929-3952
Benedikt SingerDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Cameron CriswellDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Basile I M WickyDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2501-7875
Dionne VafeadosInstitute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2560-8907
Mariana Garcia SanchezInstitute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-9194-0251
Ho Min KimCenter for Biomolecular and Cellular Structure, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0029-3643
Susana Vázquez TorresDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Sidney ChanInstitute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1617-0464
Shirley M SunCenter for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-6764-5750
Timothy T SpearDivision of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Yi SunCenter for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Keelan O'ReillyDivision of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-9907-9859
John M MarisDepartment of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8088-7929
Nikolaos G SgourakisCenter for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3655-3902
Roman A MelnykMolecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7187-2362
Chang C LiuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-2880
David BakerDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. dabaker@uw.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7896-6217

Funding

Project 4: Novel reagent development to enable molecular characterizationU19AG065156 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI MACCOSS, MICHAEL, MONTINE, THOMAS J · 2020 to 2024
$15.9M
Discovering mechanisms of neuroblastoma tumorigenesis to improve patient outcomesR35CA220500 · NCI · CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA · PI JOHN M MARIS · 2017 to 2026
$8.7M
TRAINING IN MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICST32GM008268 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI KOLLMAN, JUSTIN M, ZHENG, NING · 1988 to 2023
$8.6M
Making antibody generation rapid, scalable, and democratic through machine learning and continuous evolutionR01CA260415 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI KRUSE, ANDREW, LIU, CHANG C · 2020 to 2024
$8.4M
NextGen - CHOPOT2CA278687 · NCI · CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA · PI JOHN M MARIS · 2022 to 2026
$2.7M
Synthetic genetic systems for rapid biomolecular evolution in vivoR35GM136297 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI LIU, CHANG C · 2020 to 2024
$2.4M
Visual Sciences Training Program (VSTP)T32EY032448 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Philip David Kiser, Chang C Liu · 2022 to 2026
$656k
Gates Foundation INV-010680NCI NIH HHS OT2 CA278687NCI NIH HHS R01 CA260415NCI NIH HHS R35 CA220500NEI NIH HHS T32 EY032448NIA NIH HHS U19 AG065156NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM136297NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008268
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the central role of antibodies in modern medicine, no method currently exists to design novel, epitope-specific antibodies entirely in silico. Instead, antibody discovery currently relies on immunization, random library screening or the isolation of antibodies directly from patients

Indexed as

Protein EngineeringAntibody AffinityBacterial ProteinsBacterial ToxinsComplementarity Determining RegionsCryoelectron MicroscopyEpitopesHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusHumansImmunoglobulin Heavy ChainsModels, MolecularSingle-Chain AntibodiesBacterial ProteinsBacterial ToxinsComplementarity Determining RegionsEpitopesHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusImmunoglobulin Heavy ChainsSingle-Chain Antibodies

Identifiers

PMID41193805
PMCPMC12727541

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.