Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41193680›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

An intelligent framework combining deep learning and fuzzy logic for accurate remote language translation.

Cong Geng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Cong GengSchool of Foreign Languages, Harbin University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China. gengcong20240911@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the era of globalized communication, the need for accurate and context-sensitive language translation has become increasingly vital-especially in remote, real-time applications such as telemedicine, virtual collaboration, and cross-border communication. While transformer-based neural machine translation (NMT) models have significantly advanced translation quality by leveraging deep contextual representations, they often lack interpretability and struggle with idiomatic expressions, low-resource languages, and semantic ambiguity. To address these limitations, this study proposes an intelligent hybrid translation framework that integrates a transformer-based NMT backbone with a fuzzy logic inference module. The neural model generates baseline translations, while the fuzzy component enhances output quality by applying linguistic rules and evaluating syntactic, semantic, and discourse-level features. The proposed system incorporates contextual feature extraction, fuzzification, rule-based evaluation, and defuzzification stages to produce translations that are not only fluent but also contextually accurate and explainable. Comprehensive experiments were conducted on benchmark datasets across both high-resource and low-resource language pairs. Results show that the hybrid framework consistently outperforms rule-based and transformer-only models, achieving higher Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU), Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit ORdering (METEOR), and F1-scores, while reducing translation errors and improving user-perceived readability. Additionally, the system demonstrates strong real-time performance across edge and cloud-based deployments, maintaining sub-second latency with minimal computational overhead. An ablation study confirms the individual contributions of the fuzzy module and contextual features to translation quality. Qualitative case studies further illustrate the system's ability to resolve ambiguity and refine idiomatic content. This research highlights the effectiveness of integrating symbolic reasoning with deep learning for building scalable, interpretable, and accurate translation systems in modern multilingual environments.

Indexed as

Contextual feature extractionFuzzy logicHybrid frameworkNeural machine translationReal-Time translation

Identifiers

PMID41193680
PMCPMC12589433

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.