Trial reportThe Journal of international medical research2025
Efficacy of fentanyl combined with bupivacaine and morphine for spinal anesthesia during cesarean section: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in The Journal of international medical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
ObjectiveAdequate anesthesia is necessary during cesarean section. We aimed to study the efficacy and safety of different doses of fentanyl combined with 10 mg bupivacaine and 0.1 mg morphine for spinal anesthesia during elective cesarean section.MethodThis double-blind randomized controlled trial enrolled pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section between April 2019 and June 2021. Eligible women (n = 180) were randomized into six groups (C (control), F1, F2, F3, F4, or F5; n = 30 each) based on different doses of fentanyl (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 µg, respectively) for spinal anesthesia. Each patient also received 0.1 mg morphine and 10 mg bupivacaine.ResultSensory and motor blocks, muscle relaxation, pain intensity, intraoperative hemodynamics (every 5 min starting from the initial intrathecal injection), and adverse events were recorded. Compared with group C, groups F2-F5 had a faster onset of sensory block (
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